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Journal of Applied Optics

Investigation on morphology-dependent resonances in Er~(3+) doped phosphate glass microsphere with light quantum mechanics

Liang Wei

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

The development of microspherical cavity theory is introduced,and the microspherical cavity is analyzed with light quantum mechanics.The 1533 nm fluorescence spectrum of the Er3+ doped phosphate glass microsphere(about 15 μm in diameter) was measured under laser excitation of 488 nm.The phenomenon of the morphology-dependent resonances of the fluorescence spectrum in the glass microsphere and its formation mechanism were observed and analyzed.The fluorescence spectra of the Er3+doped phosphate glass microsphere were compared with those of corresponding bulk glass.The single-mode oscillation amplitude generated by the Er3+ doped phosphate glass microsphere was obtained in the experiment.

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The development of microspherical cavity theory is introduced,and the microspherical cavity is analyzed with light quantum mechanics.The 1533 nm fluorescence spectrum of the Er3+ doped phosphate glass microsphere(about 15 μm in diameter) was measured under laser excitation of 488 nm.The phenomenon of the morphology-dependent resonances of the fluorescence spectrum in the glass microsphere and its formation mechanism were observed and analyzed.The fluorescence spectra of the Er3+doped phosphate glass microsphere were compared with those of corresponding bulk glass.The single-mode oscillation amplitude generated by the Er3+ doped phosphate glass microsphere was obtained in the experiment.
We experimentally demonstrate optical bistability in Er3+-Yb3+ phosphate glass microspheres at 295 K. Bistability is associated with both Er3+ fluorescence and lasing behavior, and chromatic switching. The chromatic switching results from an intrinsic mechanism exploiting the thermal coupling of closely spaced energy levels, and occurs simultaneously with the intensity switching. A contrast ratio of 2.8 has been obtained for chromatic switching. The intensity switching shows ratios of 21 for 520 nm and 11 for 660 nm fluorescence emissions, and 11 for IR lasing at 1.5 μm. Concurrent with these observations, we investigate a temperature-dependent absorption of pump power, which exhibits bistable behavior. The influences of the host matrix on lasing and fluorescence mechanisms are highlighted.
Two different silica-based glass systems with valuable optical and spectroscopic properties in the mu1.5 band, exploited in optical microcavities, are presented. First, we report on Er3+-activated core-shell silica spheres prepared by sol-gel process. The core consists of a silica sphere of 270 nm in diameter, while the shell is an Er2O3-SiO2 film. The second system is an Er3+-activated microcavity fabricated by rf-sputtering technique. The cavity is constituted of an Er3+-doped SiO2 layer inserted between two Bragg mirrors, fabricated by alternately stacking five TiO2 and five SiO2 thin films. Optical and spectroscopic properties were assessed, and the two systems were characterized from morphological and structural point of view.
By using Co2 laser melting to process erbium-doped fiber tip,a high spherical erbium-doped microsphere cavity is formed through surface tension.The size of erbium-doped microsphere is 21μm.By adjusting the location of erbium-doped microspheres precisely,using 980nm laser as the pumping source,the single mode erbium ion photon fluorescence spectra is obtainod,of which the central wavelength is around 1.55μm.It proves the frequency selection role of micro-cavity.Through further analysis of the spectrum,the Q of microsphere 108 is calculatecl,and the free spectral range in real measarment is basically consistent with that in theoretical analysis.
Resonance-fluorescence-line-narrowing studies have been performed on a representative group of Er3+ -doped glasses for excitation in both the 1530 and 980-nm bands at 4.2, 77, 200, and 300 K. Fluorozirconate, fluorophosphate, phosphate, silicate, Ge/P-doped and A1/P-doped silica preforms, and Al/P-doped and Ge-doped fibers were examined. At 77 K the homogeneous linewidths were found to be relatively insensitive to composition. In particular, they vary from 1.4 to 1.8 cm-1 for the different hosts using excitation at 1531 nm. At 300 K weak resonant features were observed in most samples, consistent with a small inhomogeneous contribution to a predominantly homogeneous fluorescence emission.
Microsphere cavities offer appealing advantages for applications as miniature light sources due to their small size, high quality factor and low mode volume. Active spheres can be fabricated from glass doped with rare-earth ions such as Er3+ and Yb3+. The close proximity of energy levels in these triply-ionized ions is of particular advantage for obtaining fluorescence emissions through various upconversion mechanisms [1]. Here we report the first observation of chromatic and intensity optical bistability (OB) in a commercial, active, phosphate glass (Schott IOG-2) microsphere driven by thermal avalanche at room temperature. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of simultaneous intensity OB (at multiple wavelengths) and chromatic OB in a single material.
Using CO2laser metal method process the top of erbium-doped tapered fiber, which formed by stretching a standard optical fiber (SMF-125) while heating it with a hydrogen flame. The top of tapered fiber formed erbium-doped microsphere cavity with higher spherical by its surface tension when heating is stopped. The size of erbium-doped microsphere is 21µm. The position of erbium-doped microsphere is accurately adjusted between the pump power and monochromatic spectrometer so that it can be easily excited by 980 nm and 1480 nm infrared light. Excited erbium ions produce energy level transition and a number of sharp transmission spectrums are observed around the center wavelength of 1550nm. It expanded the spectrum wide and proved the frequency selection role of micro-cavity. Further analysis of the experimental results, we obtained the quality factor Q=4.4×108through calculating the transmission spectrum which is consistent with the theoretical value largely.