According to the famous thinking experiment EPR, in quantum mechanics there exists unfixed range effect. This statement contradicts the theory of relativity, which says the velocity of light is the fastest in nature. The contradiction remains unsettled for so many years. Therefore, the paper presents that there may be some disharmony in the relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and there are no solutions to these problems. It is tried to probe into these problems by digging into negative energy. Researches show negative energy not only is a method for mathematical computation, but also has its real physical contents. This paper extends the special theory of relativity to negative energy system, puts forward new ideas, and draws out the new form of time-space transformation, which can theoretically explain the unfixed range effect without destroying the causality. The relevant equation is developed by combining the theory of negative energy system and the theory of quantum mechanics.
According to the famous thinking experiment EPR, in quantum mechanics there exists unfixed range effect. This statement contradicts the theory of relativity, which says the velocity of light is the fastest in nature. The contradiction remains unsettled for so many years. Therefore, the paper presents that there may be some disharmony in the relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and there are no solutions to these problems. It is tried to probe into these problems by digging into negative energy. Researches show negative energy not only is a method for mathematical computation, but also has its real physical contents. This paper extends the special theory of relativity to negative energy system, puts forward new ideas, and draws out the new form of time-space transformation, which can theoretically explain the unfixed range effect without destroying the causality. The relevant equation is developed by combining the theory of negative energy system and the theory of quantum mechanics.
Negative energy states are applied in Krein space quantization approach to achieve a naturally renormalized theory. For example, this theory by taking the full set of Dirac solutions, could be able to remove the propagator Green function's divergences and automatically without any normal ordering, to vanish the expected value for vacuum state energy. However, since it is a purely mathematical theory, the results are under debate and some efforts are devoted to include more physics in the concept. Whereas Krein quantization is a pure mathematical approach, complex quantum Hamiltonian dynamics is based on strong foundations of Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) equations and therefore on classical dynamics. Based on complex quantum Hamilton-Jacobi theory, complex spacetime is a natural consequence of including quantum effects in the relativistic mechanics, and is a bridge connecting the causality in special relativity and the non-locality in quantum mechanics, i.e. extending special relativity to the complex domain leads to relativistic quantum mechanics. So that, considering both relativistic and quantum effects, the Klein-Gordon equation could be derived as a special form of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Characterizing the complex time involved in an entangled energy state and writing the general form of energy considering quantum potential, two sets of positive and negative energies will be realized. The new states enable us to study the spacetime in a relativistic entangled "space-time" state leading to 12 extra wave functions than the four solutions of Dirac equation for a free particle. Arguing the entanglement of particle and antiparticle leads to a contradiction with experiments. So, in order to correct the results, along with a previous investigation [1], we realize particles and antiparticles as physical entities with positive energy instead of considering antiparticles with negative energy. As an application of modified descriptions for entangled (space-time) states, the original version of EPR paradox can be discussed and the correct answer can be verified based on the strong rooted complex quantum Hamilton-Jacobi theory [2-27] and as another example we can use the negative energy states, to remove the Klein's paradox without the need of any further explanations or justifications like backwardly moving electrons. Finally, comparing the two approaches, we can point out to the existence of a connection between quantum Hamiltonian dynamics, standard quantum field theory, and Krein space quantization [28-43].
This paper provides a mechanism-first, non-mathematical clarification of why negative energy solutions of relativistic quantum equations—most notably those arising from Dirac’s formulation—are never physically realized. Rather than modifying existing theories or introducing new physics, the work demonstrates that the exclusion of negative energy states is a necessary consequence of established physical constraints: thermodynamics (specifically the Second Law), locality, causality, and local energy conservation. By grounding physical existence in the requirements for causal interaction and irreversible state change, the paper shows that negative energy states fail at the coupling stage of any realizable interaction and are therefore structurally excluded from the physical manifold. The framework explains why standard Quantum Field Theory procedures such as normal ordering, renormalization, and the reinterpretation of antiparticles are mathematically effective while remaining physically mandatory. The result is a foundational consistency explanation that resolves the negative energy problem without equations, speculation, or modification of existing physical law.
By expanding the research paradigm and reconciling the two binary oppositions of "relative and absolute" and "quantum and classical" in physics, a new theoretical framework that is compatible with relativity and quantum mechanics is proposed. Firstly, excavate and establish three universal axioms: Axiom 1 (consensus guarantees equal rights), Axiom 2 (objective existence independent of measurement), and Axiom 3 (universality of causality and dialectical logic), based on which to criticize the logical contradictions of existing theories. In the field of relativity, this article points out that there is a logical paradox in the explanation of "clock slowing down depends on relative motion" in special relativity (A clock is both faster and slower than B clock), and proposes a relative absolute spacetime view that "absolute motion leads to clock slowing down". By extending the Lorentz transformation, absolute motion and relative motion are unified, solving problems such as the twin paradox. At the same time, based on the prediction of the Dirac equation for negative mass matter, the "negative mass spacetime curvature paradox" is proposed, challenging Einstein's physical explanation of spacetime curvature and arguing that it is only a mathematical tool (the mathematical expression of gravity) rather than a physical reality. In the field of quantum mechanics, this article criticizes the Copenhagen interpretation for violating Axiom 2 (denying the independent eigenstates of microscopic particles). By modifying the Schrödinger equation twice (For the first time, electromagnetic potential energy was replaced with gravitational potential energy, and the Schrödinger-Tu equation was established to describe macroscopic objects such as the Earth's revolution; The second step is to convert potential energy into electromagnetic/gravitational force and derive the wave mechanics equation of classical mechanics laws, such as Newton's second law with force operator), proves that quantum and classical theories are compatible within the same mathematical framework. In the experiment, it was demonstrated through the "anti-interference electron diffraction experiment" that a strong magnetic field only changes the shape of diffraction fringes without causing them to disappear, denying the inevitability of quantum decoherence. The establishment of "generalized wave dynamics" and "relative absolute spacetime view" breaks the binary opposition of traditional theories and provides a new paradigm for the unity of relativity and quantum mechanics. The core value of these jobs lies in: In terms of theoretical innovation, reconstruct the space-time and quantum interpretation system, while retaining the original mathematical form system; In terms of experimental verification, design feasible schemes such as hollow glass disk Jones experiment and geometric optical velocimetry experiment; In terms of philosophical significance, replacing "mathematical symmetry" with "content unity" and returning to the objectivity of physical mechanisms. The research conclusion indicates that by expanding paradigms and axiomatic constraints, the contradiction between relativity and quantum mechanics can be transformed into a complementary relationship, laying the foundation for the great unity of physics theory
Newton mechanics is great, Newton's contribution is indelible. But from Newton's classical mechanics, the definition of velocity (=) must mean that this physical parameter is a vector, so "negative velocity" only means the opposite direction of motion, no other meaning. It is difficult to understand negative velocity within the framework of classical mechanics. However, wave is a special form of material motion, wave mechanics has a unique method and meaning, and its concept and connotation are significantly different from classical mechanics. For example, wave velocity (whether phase velocity or group velocity) is a scalar quantity. "Negative wave velocity" does not mean that the direction of motion is reversed, but a special phenomenon that does not accord with causality from the surface view. In any case, research in recent decades has shown that negative wave velocity is not only theoretically possible, it has also been repeatedly shown to exist experimentally. Moreover, negative wave velocity is a special form of superluminal speed; The wave with negative velocity is the advanced wave. It corresponds to the leading solution of the basic equation of electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave. The past practice (discarding the advanced solution) is wrong! As for causality, scientists have provided a new definition and interpretation. In short, both wave mechanics and quantum optics take a different approach from classical mechanics. This paper points out that it is unusual for the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics to be awarded to Alain Aspect and two others, since Aspect's experiments on the Bell inequality were completed in 1982, Which still stands today as a crucial experiment that proved Einstein's EPR paper wrong and quantum mechanics (QM) correct. Aspect's award in 2022 showed that mainstream physical community had been forced to accept that quantum entanglement existed and that the "light-speed limit" theory of SR was a mistake. This paper discusses the proposition "negative characteristic motion of electromagnetic wave" put forward by the author in 2013, pointing out that it is an inherent physical phenomenon reflecting symmetry in nature. In this paper, the faster-than-light motion of waves found in the near-field of antennas is discussed. In addition, the realizability of "time travel" is also discussed.
We argue that special relativity, instead of quantum theory, should be radically reformulated to resolve inconsistencies between those two theories. A new relativistic transformation recently-proposed renders physical laws form-invariant via transformation of physical quantities, instead of space-time coordinates. This new perspective on relativistic transformation provides an insight into the very meaning of the principle of relativity. The principle of relativity means that the same physical laws hold in all inertial frames, rather than their mathematical formulas are Lorentz-covariant under the Lorentz transformation of space-time coordinates. The space-time concept underlying this new relativistic transformation is Newtonian absolute space and absolute time. With this new perspective, quantum theory becomes compatible with the principle of relativity. A new theory of relativistic quantum mechanics is formulated. The new relativistic quantum mechanics thus obtained maintains the essentials of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, for instance, the statistical single-particle interpretation. Studies on standard problems in quantum mechanics, square step and barrier potential, show that the new relativistic quantum mechanics is free from such anomalies as the negative probability density, Zitterbewegung and the Klein paradox bedeviling the current relativistic quantum mechanics. Furthermore, a remarkable result is found as applying the new relativistic quantum mechanics to study the problems of square potential well --- a particle can not be confined within an infinite square well of width less than half of the Compton wavelength of the particle. As implications of this finding in nuclear physics, there is a lower bound on the size of atomic nucleus. Neither an electron, nor a positron, can be confined inside the nucleus.
Physics is also known as a science of observation and experiment. In this paper, the most representative experimental verification of general relativity, "Mercury perihelion precession", is used for mathematical derivation and analysis, and the serious errors in the experimental verification are expounded deeply. Furthermo2re, the Lorentz transformation, the core formula of special relativity, is mathematically deduced and analyzed, and the contradictions and errors existing in the Lorentz transformation are profoundly revealed. These contradictions and errors involve the deep relationship between physics and mathematics, and are also the core problems faced by theoretical physics. Minkowski's four-dimensional spacetime contradicts the "principle of constant speed of light", and there are serious errors in the "relativity of simultaneity". The so-called experimental verification of the theory of relativity is false, and there is a fundamental error in the theory of relativity, which will lead to the collapse of the whole theoretical building, including general relativity. The basic formula of quantum mechanics, "matter wave" wavelength λ=h/p , is also based on the wrong Einstein "massenergy equation". Therefore, the wave function of "matter wave" established on the wavelength λ=h/p of "de Broglie wave" and the Schrodinger equation are all pseudo-formulas without any physical significance. Schrodinger equation is the core formula of quantum mechanics. This is enough to cause the collapse of quantum mechanics.The mathematical derivation of the Compton effect was completely based on the pseudo-concepts of special relativity such as "mass-energy equation" and "moving mass", while Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect was limited by the scientific and technological level at that time. The Compton effect and the photoelectric effect, as the two most important experimental verification of the "waver-particle duality" of light, were not valid. "Wade-particle duality" is another misdirection of Einstein to human beings, which "inspired" de Broglie to put forward the famous "matter wave" hypothesis, and the "matter wave" concept is the root that led theoretical physics to fall into the abyss of quantum mechanics. In addition, there are serious errors in the basic concept of quantum mechanics. "Monochromatic radiant outdegree" is an incomplete definition of physics, which is also the root cause of the "ultraviolet disaster" problem. The defective physics concept of "monochromatic radiant outdegree" is also an important reason for theoretical physics to fall into the "quantization" quake-pit. The "ultraviolet catastrophe" problem of blackbody radiation is a physical accident caused by the artificially defined defect concept of "monochromatic radiance outdegree". Boer's hydrogen atom theory is the foundation theory of quantum mechanics. Like relativity theory, this theory also has the problem that the same mathematical symbol expresses two contradictory physical meanings at the same time. Quantum tunneling has the problem of different physical interpretation of mathematical formulas. No matter the premise or the core formula, there are serious contradictions and errors in quantum mechanics, and quantum mechanics is also a wrong theory. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics is a lost on the journey of human truth exploration. The fundamental errors of relativity and quantum mechanics will lead to the comprehensive collapse of theoretical physics system including relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum field theory (quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics, unified theory of weak electricity, standard model of elementary particle physics), Yang Mills theory and so on. Fortunately, in the course of nearly a century of exploration, human beings have accumulated a large number of empirical results. Although the theory Journal of Electrical Electronics Engineering ISSN: 2834-4928 1 Department of Mathematical Science, College of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China 3 School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China J Electrical Electron Eng, 2023 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | 381 of relativity is completely wrong, it does not affect the real existence of such an objective thing as the atomic bomb. Laser, transistor, tunnel microscope and so on have nothing to do with quantum mechanics, because quantum mechanics is also a fundamentally wrong theory, but this does not hinder the validity of the existing experimental results, the so-called experimental verification of relativity and quantum mechanics are forced to incorporate experimental results and physical phenomena into their own theoretical system. Special thanks to Academician Chen Jia-er for his theoretical guidance and help