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Acta Optica Sinica

Off-resonant reverse saturable absorption in copper phthalocyanine at steady-state

Yuxiao Wang

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Reverse saturable absorption (RSA) was obtained in the solution of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) by using a 532 nm Q-switched laser. Two seady-state expressions describing reverse saturable absorption for the thin sample and the thick sample, respectively, have been obtained by using the rate equation theory. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental result.

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中国激光(英文版)•Jan 1, 1997•0 citations
Reverse saturable absorption (RSA) was obtained in the solution of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) by using a 532 nm Q-switched laser. Two seady-state expressions describing reverse saturable absorption for the thin sample and the thick sample, respectively, have been obtained by using the rate equation theory. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental result.
The dynamic and steady-state processes of the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and the related optical limiting (OL) and optical bistability (OB) in metallophthalocyanine have been studied in detail using rate equations and the light-propagation equation. The experiments for demonstrating RSA, OL, and OB in a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) solution with a Q-switched, frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser were accomplished. The experimental results were consistent with the dynamic theoretical simulations, also approximately in accordance with the expression of RSA derived from the same equations at the steady-state condition.
The dynamic processes of reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in a solution of C60 are studied in detail by use of rate equations and the light-propagation equation for a five-energy-level model. The RSA experimental results for C60 in toluene solution with a nanosecond–picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm are consistent with the theoretical simulations. Effects of sample concentration and thickness on RSA and contributions of the singlet and triplet excited states to RSA for various laser-pulse widths and wavelengths are also analyzed. Finally, an all-optical switch based on excited-state nonlinear absorption and the pump-probe technique is implemented.
Three typical excited-state nonlinear absorption effects in molecular systems with weak ground-state absorption (at 532 nm) are experimentally demonstrated: (a) reverse saturable absorption (RSA) caused by strong triplet first-to-second excited-state absorption in a copper phthalocyanine solution with 15-ns laser pulses; (b) RSA caused by strong singlet first-to-second excited-state absorption in a C60{\mathrm{C}}_{60}C60​ solution with 21-ps laser pulses; (c) the RSA-SA turnover caused by strong singlet first-to-second excited-state absorption and weak singlet second-to-third excited-state absorption in a metallo-porphyrin-like solution with 21-ps laser pulses. To simulate these excited-state nonlinear absorption behaviors we propose a general ten-level density-matrix model and its simplified models for the three cases. All simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
We theoretically and experimentally study absorption of picosecond laser pulses in materials described by a four-level system that exhibit reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Using an approximate solution to the rate equations, we derive, analyze, and verify, numerically and experimentally, a single dynamical equation for the spatial evolution of the pulse fluence that includes both the rate equations and the propagation equation. This analytical approach considerably simplifies the study of optical limiting with picosecond pulses and helps to predict the behavior of the nonlinear transmittance, the level of output signal clamping, and a possible turnover from RSA to saturable absorption that restricts the performance of optical limiters based on RSA. The results obtained can also be used to characterize RSA materials by the pump–probe technique.