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Journal of Neijiang Normal University

Study the Propagating Model of the Photon and Electron

Zeng Ming-sheng

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on the propagation property of light wave and the wave-particle duality of light,an innovative propagating model is offered in this paper.The model is to change a photon's position and its propagation,corresponding to discrete in time and space.Instead of the general mechanical movement,it can be verified by the interference and the diffraction experiments of light.Comparing the photon and the electron with a similar model,namely,the change position of an electron is also its propagation,corresponding discrete time and space.Instead of the general mechanical movement,it can be verified by the diffraction of Germer-Davison with the experiment of electron and the Josephson Effect.

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•Oct 21, 2026•0 citations
Based on the propagation property of light wave and the wave-particle duality of light,an innovative propagating model is offered in this paper.The model is to change a photon's position and its propagation,corresponding to discrete in time and space.Instead of the general mechanical movement,it can be verified by the interference and the diffraction experiments of light.Comparing the photon and the electron with a similar model,namely,the change position of an electron is also its propagation,corresponding discrete time and space.Instead of the general mechanical movement,it can be verified by the diffraction of Germer-Davison with the experiment of electron and the Josephson Effect.
Simulation researches are conducted by mathematical modeling approach through computer for verification wave-particle duality of light.Firsty,the following two models are established:the single slit diffraction simulation model based on Photon hydrogen-like structure,which light change in forward direction after passed the silt is explained.And the double slit interference simulation model based on Photon electromagnetic plane wave concept,whichblack hole effect likeis proposed.Then,the rationality of the models are verified by means of Matlab simulation.Finally,combined with mentioned two models,qualitative analysis show that wave-particle duality of light properly is explained by simulation result.
Einstein assumed duality between radiation and particles. Experiments involving electrons and diffraction effects are described to illustrate such behaviors. Classical physics and Einstein’s findings unmistakably demonstrated that light possessed both wave and particle properties. The responses of electrons in electric and magnetic fields are evidence for their existence as charged particles. The relationship between particle- and wave-like behavior was given by de Broglie in 1924. The dual nature of electrons was demonstrated experimentally by Davisson and Germer, when studying the diffraction of a stream of electrons. The reflection or diffraction of a beam of electromagnetic radiation can be expected to change its intensity, but changes in its wavelength would not ordinarily be anticipated. Photons and electrons may be described in terms of waves, but this approach has inherent limitations. The greater the attempt that is made to study the nature or behavior of a photon or a particle, the greater will be the uncertainty or error of the measurements.
The evolution of light theories began with Isaac Newton's corpuscular model, which explained reflection and refraction but could not account for diffraction and interference. In contrast, Christiaan Huygens proposed a wave theory, explaining light's behavior through an ether-based medium, supported by his principle that each point in a wavefront acts as a secondary source. This idea was experimentally supported in the early nineteenth century when Thomas Young's double-slit experiment revealed an interference pattern, affirming light's wave nature. Later, James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism, establishing light as an electromagnetic wave and extending the electromagnetic spectrum beyond visible light. In the twentieth century, Einstein's photoelectric effect introduced the concept of wave-particle duality, demonstrating that light behaves as discrete photons. Soon after, Louis de Broglie extended the idea of wave-particle duality to matter, a prediction confirmed in 1927 when Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer observed electron diffraction from a crystal and, independently, G.P. Thomson demonstrated electron diffraction through thin films, both proving that electrons also exhibit wave-like properties. This concept was dramatically visualized by Claus Jonsson's 1961 electron double-slit experiment. Recently, the ALICE collaboration observed quantum interference patterns at the femtometer scale in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, pushing quantum interference studies to new frontiers.
Light has wave-particle duality,but it is difficult to see these two properties in a particular optical phenomenon.Both properties of light can be a perfect unity,if we could explain the wave nature through the particle property.Base on the Mathematical modeling of Gong Zutong photon model and the forward electromagnetic photon model,we compared the MATLAB simulation results with the experimental results.Then we find both models are shortcomings,and propose an improved photon model.With this improved model,we explain the optical interference,diffraction and polarization phenomena which show the wave nature of light.
Diffraction and interference fringes are stable and reproducible objective phenomena in optical experiments. Mainstream quantum mechanics puts forward the ontological interpretation of wave particle duality. It holds that the material ontology of micro particles such as photons inherently possesses both particle and wave properties, and attributes diffraction and interference phenomena directly to the intrinsic matter wave behavior of particles. This interpretation stays at the level of observational appearance and avoids underlying ontological dynamic mechanisms. It represents a research approach that deduces the intrinsic properties of material ontology merely from external observations. Within the framework of the light ontology theory, a photon is an energy state object. Energy and motion at the speed of light form an inseparable whole and are permanently bound together and cannot be separated. In the real universe, no photon with energy that does not travel at the speed of light has ever been observed. Nor has any object moving at the speed of light without energy been detected. The two cannot exist independently from one another. A photon has no physical volume but possesses inherent fixed transverse trembling property. At the moment a photon is generated, it acquires a definite trembling angle within a 360 degree spatial plane perpendicular to its propagation direction. This transverse trembling orientation remains unchanged without physical collision interaction. When the transverse trembling of a photon can reach the slit wall, absorption and reradiation secondary scattering will occur. Massive secondary photons superpose statistically to form bright and dark diffraction and interference fringes. Slit walls are stacked by large numbers of atoms. Their spatial scale is hundreds of thousands to tens of millions times larger than the scale of photon transverse trembling. For photons, slit walls constitute huge physical barriers and can produce significant interactions with trembling photons. The wave function is only a mathematical tool for fitting experimental data. Good fitting performance of a mathematical model does not mean its corresponding physical interpretation equals objective physical reality. This paper proposes a new set of comparative decisionmaking experiments. The key innovation is to place a linear polarizer in front of the slit. Before photons contact the slit, the transverse trembling orientation of photons is pre screened. The transverse trembling direction of transmitted photons is made parallel to the orientation of vertical slit walls to suppress oscillation components perpendicular to slit walls and make it difficult for photons to hit slit walls. Polarizers with different grating line widths can be replaced to observe the influence of the grating scale of polarizers on experimental results. According to the physical mechanism of slit wall scattering, characteristic diffraction and interference fringes will be greatly attenuated and only the central direct light spot will remain. Non ideal device characteristics will bring a small amount of stray scattering background, but complete bright and dark diffraction and interference structures will not appear. According to the traditional ontological interpretation of wave particle duality, the geometric parameters of slits remain completely unchanged. Only polarization orientation screening is conducted and the intrinsic matter wave of particle ontology is not affected. Therefore diffraction and interference fringes should be fully preserved. The two theories produce mutually exclusive observable predictions. This experiment can test whether the ontological interpretation of wave particle duality holds true. This paper does not deny objective diffraction and interference phenomena, nor does it deny the practical value of wave function as an engineering calculation tool.