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Electronics design for the robust quantum cryptography system based on optical fibers

Tao Yang

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

To deal with the effect of polarization mode dispersion in single mode fiber,which makes the polarization encoding unsuitable for the fiber-based quantum cryptography,we implemented the experimental demonstration of a quantum cryptography scheme with timing tags using polarization-entangled photon pairs.This scheme can overcome the influence of collective rotation noise of polarization mode in single mode fiber and can work without shared reference frames.A brief introduction is given to the principles and experimental course of this proposal,followed by a discussion on the electronics design for the whole quantum cryptography system.Finally,some results are given and compared them to the theoretical predicts.

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To deal with the effect of polarization mode dispersion in single mode fiber,which makes the polarization encoding unsuitable for the fiber-based quantum cryptography,we implemented the experimental demonstration of a quantum cryptography scheme with timing tags using polarization-entangled photon pairs.This scheme can overcome the influence of collective rotation noise of polarization mode in single mode fiber and can work without shared reference frames.A brief introduction is given to the principles and experimental course of this proposal,followed by a discussion on the electronics design for the whole quantum cryptography system.Finally,some results are given and compared them to the theoretical predicts.
Noise and imperfection of realistic devices are major obstacles for implementing quantum cryptography. In particular, birefringence in optical fibers leads to decoherence of qubits encoded in photon polarization. We show how to overcome this problem by doing single qubit quantum communication without a shared spatial reference frame and precise timing. Quantum information will be encoded in pairs of photons using tag operations, which corresponds to the time delay of one of the polarization modes. This method is robust against the phase instability of the interferometers despite the use of time bins. Moreover synchronized clocks are not required in the ideal no photon loss case as they are necessary only to label the different encoded qubits.
We present an experimental realization of a robust quantum communication scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 220501 (2004)] using pairs of photons entangled in polarization and time. Our method overcomes errors due to collective rotation of the polarization modes (e.g., birefringence in optical fiber or misalignment), is insensitive to the phase's fluctuation of the interferometer, and does not require any shared reference frame including time reference, except the need to label different photons. The practical robustness of the scheme is further shown by implementing a variation of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocol over 1 km optical fiber.
We present two polarization-based protocols for quantum key distribution. The protocols encode key bits in noiseless subspaces or subsystems and so can function over a quantum channel subjected to an arbitrary degree of collective noise, as occurs, for instance, due to rotation of polarizations in an optical fiber. These protocols can be implemented using only entangled photon-pair sources, single-photon rotations, and single-photon detectors. Thus, our proposals offer practical and realistic alternatives to existing schemes for quantum key distribution over optical fibers without resorting to interferometry or two-way quantum communication, thereby circumventing, respectively, the need for high precision timing and the threat of Trojan horse attacks.
Quantum laws can be used to implement secure communication channels; this has been named quantum cryptography. In quantum cryptography the security does not depend of limited computational power, but is inherent to the laws that govern the propagation and detection of single and entangled photons. We show how single and entangled photon-pairs can be efficiently generated using four-wave mixing in optical fibers. We analyze the source statistics, degree of entanglement and impact of spontaneous Raman scattering. By coding information in the photons polarization we are able to transmit quantum information over 20 km of standard single mode fiber.