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Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Important Progresses of Experimental Tests on Bell Inequality——Critical Comments on Weihs Experiment and Rowe Experiment

Huang Zheng-xi

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Weihs Experiment(1998) and Rowe Experiment(2001)may be the two most important ones among dozens of Bell-type experiments ever since Aspect Experiment(1982).Weihs Experiment has closed locality loophole and Rowe Experiment has closed detection loophole respectively,but local hidden variable theories(LHVT) still have not been completely ruled out.It is hoped that a loophole-free experiment will be performed in the near future.Even so the exclusion of LHVT is still suspending.It is impossible to make the assertion that an unarguable verdict experiment can resolve the conflict between LHVT and quantum mechanics.

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Weihs Experiment(1998) and Rowe Experiment(2001)may be the two most important ones among dozens of Bell-type experiments ever since Aspect Experiment(1982).Weihs Experiment has closed locality loophole and Rowe Experiment has closed detection loophole respectively,but local hidden variable theories(LHVT) still have not been completely ruled out.It is hoped that a loophole-free experiment will be performed in the near future.Even so the exclusion of LHVT is still suspending.It is impossible to make the assertion that an unarguable verdict experiment can resolve the conflict between LHVT and quantum mechanics.
Bell's inequalities(1964) provides a quantitative criterion to test the local hidden variable theory(LHVT) versus quantum mechanics(QM).For the first time,it leads to the possibility to experimentally distinguish LHVT and QM.So far,there have been tens of experiments ever since the first experiment by Clauser et al(1972).An overwhelming majority of these experiments are in good agreement with the predictions of QM yet violate those of LHVT.Some loopholes in these experiments are discussed in Section I,followed by a respective summary to 12 experiments between 1972 to 1982 and 31 experiments from 1985 and on in Sections II and III.It is finally pointed out that so far there is not a single experiment to close both the locality loophole and the detection loophole at the same time,but the experimental outcomes are irreversible.Accordingly,theoretical physicists must admit that the present physics foundation is broken,i.e.quantum mechanics is contradiction with special relativity.
In a recent article Hensen et al. [Nature 526, 682 (2015)] report on a sophisticated Bell experiment, simultaneously closing, for the first time, loopholes for local hidden-variable theories (HVTs). The authors claim that 'local realism' has been refuted, under certain natural assumptions. The aim of the present Comment is twofold. First, it is urged that the class of local HVTs that is eliminated by the reported experiment should be specified in greater detail than is done by the authors. Second, it is argued that the class of local HVTs that still survives is wide and natural. For instance, hidden variables describing a 'background' field can exploit the freedom-of-choice loophole, which cannot be closed for this type of hidden variables. The dynamics of such background-based theories can be illustrated by existing systems, e.g. from fluid mechanics.
Recent experiments have reached detection efficiencies sufficient to close the detection loophole with photons. Both experiments ran multiple successive trials in fixed measurement configurations, rather than randomly re-setting the measurement configurations before each measurement trial. This opens a new potential loophole for a local hidden variable theory. The loophole invalidates one proposed method of statistical analysis of the experimental results, as demonstrated in this note. Therefore a different analysis will be necessary to definitively assert that these experiments are subject only to the locality loophole.
In a recent article Giustina et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 250401 (2015)] report on an advanced Bell experiment, simultaneously closing loopholes for local hidden-variable theories. The authors claim that 'local realism' has been refuted, unless 'truly exotic hypotheses' are made. Here I argue that a particularly wide and natural class of local hidden-variable theories survives, for instance when the hidden variables describe a background field. Such background-based theories exploit the freedom-of-choice loophole, which cannot be closed for this type of hidden variables. The dynamics of such models can be illustrated by existing systems, e.g. from fluid mechanics.
Many Bell test results violate Bell's inequality. The premise of Bell's inequality is local determinism. We propose that, it can't be proved that something's mechanism isn't deterministic; if loopholes are not the reason of violation of Bell's inequality, violation of Bell's inequality illustrates that the mechanism isn't local. We propose a new explanation of Bell test, and the explanation illustrates the locality loophole is not closed by Weihs' experiment.