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Dianzi xuebao

Quantum Secure Communication Based on the Reusable Bases Sequences

Fu-Chen Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2010• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

A quantum secure communication scheme based on the deterministic measurement was proposed and discussed.The scheme is implemented by using two-particle maximum quantum entanglement,which is the carrier of the classical information,and the techniques such as entanglement purify and privacy amplification.In this scheme,the correspondents generate and measure the quantum states according to two bases sequences shared in advance.There are no discarded data in the ideal case as a result of the deterministic bases.One entangled state can be used to share 1 qubit or 1 bit on average if the particles for eavesdropping detection are not concerned.

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A quantum secure communication scheme based on the deterministic measurement was proposed and discussed.The scheme is implemented by using two-particle maximum quantum entanglement,which is the carrier of the classical information,and the techniques such as entanglement purify and privacy amplification.In this scheme,the correspondents generate and measure the quantum states according to two bases sequences shared in advance.There are no discarded data in the ideal case as a result of the deterministic bases.One entangled state can be used to share 1 qubit or 1 bit on average if the particles for eavesdropping detection are not concerned.
Two deterministic secure quantum communication schemes are proposed, one based on pure entangled states and the other on ddd-dimensional single-photon states. In these two schemes, only single-photon measurements are required for the two authorized users, which makes the schemes more convenient than others in practical applications. Although each qubit can be read out after a transmission of additional classical bit, it is unnecessary for the users to transmit qubits double the distance between the sender and the receiver, which will increase their bit rate and their security. The parties use decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently. The obvious advantage in the first scheme is that the pure entangled source is feasible with present techniques.
Three-particle W states are used as decoy photons, and the eavesdropping detection rate reaches 63 %. The positions of decoy photons in information sequence are encoded with identity string ID of the legitimate users. Authentication is implemented by using previously shared identity string. State 丨φ^- ） is used as the carrier. One photon of 丨φ^-） is sent to Bob; and Bob obtains a random key by measuring photons with bases dominated by ID. The bases information is secret to others except Alice and Bob. Both the eavesdropping detection based on three-particle W state and the secret ID ensure the security of the protocol. Unitary operations are not used.
Due to the better robustness of entangled W state,it is considered to be better qualified as information carrier for quantum information processing and quantum secure communication. Recently,many kinds of quantum direct communication protocols based on four-particle W state or three-particle asymmetric W state have been proposed. However,these protocols either have low communication efficiency or are difficult to be implemented in physics experiment. By utilizing three-particle W state and the mechanism of quantum identity authentication,a new deterministic secure quantum communication protocol was proposed. This protocol consisted of five parts: authentication code generating,quantum states preparation,quantum states distribution,eavesdropping check and identity authentication,and information communication. The two participants only needed to perform the two-particle Bell measurement,the single-particle Z-basis or X-basis measurement,and the communication efficiency was also improved: One W state can transmit one classical bit of information. The security analysis shows that the present protocol is secure against various eavesdropper Eve's attacks and impersonation attacks,so it has better security.
Quantum communication is an important branch of quantum technology. It can safely transmit private information between legitimate parties and its unconditional security is guaranteed by quantum physics. So far, deterministic secure quantum communication without entanglement usually transmits single photons in two-way quantum channels. We propose a deterministic secure quantum communication proposal, and it requires a one-way quantum channel and a classical channel. In our protocol, a sender encodes logical bits by using two conjugate bases consisting of the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom of a photon and transmits it to a receiver over a quantum channel. Upon receiving this photon, the receiver measures it randomly in two bases and can decode the bit deterministically with the help of the sender. Any attack from eavesdroppers will be detected by the legitimate parties. Furthermore, this protocol can be implemented with linear-optic elements and single-photon detectors.
This paper proposes a quantum communication scheme for sending a definite binary sequence while confirming the security of the transmission. The scheme is very suitable for sending a ciphertext in a secret-key cryptosystem so that we can detect any eavesdropper who attempts to decipher the key. Thus we can continue to use a secret key unless we detect eavesdropping and the security of a key that is used repeatedly can be enhanced to the level of one-time-pad cryptography. In our scheme, a pair of entangled photon twins is employed as a bit carrier which is encoded in a two-term superposition of four Bell states. Different bases are employed for encoding the binary sequence of a ciphertext and a random test bit. The photon twins are measured with a Bell state analyzer and any bit can be decoded from the resultant Bell state when the receiver is later notified of the coding basis through a classical channel. By opening the positions and the values of test bits, ciphertext can be read and eavesdropping is simultaneously detected.