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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Entanglement Swapping of Bright EPR Optical Beams

Jing Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A scheme achieving quantum entanglement swapping between two pairs of bright EPR optical beams is theoretically proposed. Two pairs of coherent EPR beams are produced from two independent nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers. The entanglement swapping is demonstrated by means of a half of each EPR beam. The measuring process entangles other two halves of EPR beams that have never directly interacted with each other. In the proposed system, the direct detection of Bell-states is applied instead of usual homodyne detetion. Due to that the local oscillator is not needed, the technic trouble for mode-matching is overcome and the efficiency of the detection can be increased in experiments.

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A scheme achieving quantum entanglement swapping between two pairs of bright EPR optical beams is theoretically proposed. Two pairs of coherent EPR beams are produced from two independent nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers. The entanglement swapping is demonstrated by means of a half of each EPR beam. The measuring process entangles other two halves of EPR beams that have never directly interacted with each other. In the proposed system, the direct detection of Bell-states is applied instead of usual homodyne detetion. Due to that the local oscillator is not needed, the technic trouble for mode-matching is overcome and the efficiency of the detection can be increased in experiments.
A pair of entangled states of light with classical coherence and independent quantum fluctuations has been produced from two home-designed and home-made non-degenerate optical parametric amplifiers. Utilizing these entangled states we have experimentally demonstrated unconditional entanglement swapping for continuous variables, i.e. quantum teleportation of an entangled state. Based on the direct detection of Bell states and entanglement collapse, two optical beams which have never directly interacted with each other are entangled together. The degrees of quantum correlation resulting from the entanglement swapping have been determined by direct measurement to be 1.23dB and 1.12dB below the shot noise limit for the amplitude and phase quadratures, respectively. The theoretical calculation and experimental measurements are in reasonable agreement.
The unconditional entanglement swapping for continuous variables is experimentally demonstrated. Two initial entangled states are produced from two nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers operating at de-amplification. Through implementing the direct measurement of the Bell-state between two optical beams from each amplifier the remaining two optical beams, which have never directly interacted with each other, are entangled. The quantum correlation degrees of 1.23 and 1.12 dB below the shot noise limit for the amplitude and phase quadratures resulting from the entanglement swapping are measured straightly.
We propose a new and experimentally realizable continuous variable quantum communication protocol named tripartite entanglement swap-ping. Three optical modes, which are not in a tripartite entangled state initially, can be entangled by means of the direct detections of Bell-states, the amplitude and phase modulators, and the beamsplitters. The initial bipartite and tripartite entangled states are produced with the bright single mode quadrature squeezed state of light and linear optics. We analystically proved that tripartite entanglement swapping can be accomplished with two schemes in which a tripartite entangled state or two bipartite entangled states serve as quantum channel respectively. The direct detection of Bell-state is applied in the proposed schemes, thus the needs for local beams used in homodyne detectors and the trouble for mode matching are significantly avoided.
Quantum entanglement swapping, i.e. the teleportation of entanglement state, i s a basic method used for developing quantum communication and quantum informati on network. It is necessary to produce two independent entangled states for impl ementing the quantum entanglement swapping. To experimentally demonstrate the en tanglement swapping of continuous variables, we should firstly generate two elec tron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) entangled states with classical coherence and w ithout any correlation of quantum fluctuation. Using a home_made continuous Nd3+YAP/KTP laser to pump two nondegenarate optical parametric amplifiers with the same configuration, we obtained a pair of independent EPR entangled states with classical coherence. The experimental technology of generating two sets of EPR beams is introduced and the influence of mode match on the detection of quan tum correlation is discussed.
Entanglement swapping, which is a core component of quantum network and an important platform for testing the foundation of quantum mechanics, can enable the entangling of two independent particles without direct interaction both in discrete variable and continuous variable systems. Conventionally, the realization of entanglement swapping relies on the Bell-state measurement. In particular, for entanglement swapping in continuous variable regime, such Bell-state measurement involves the optic-electro and electro-optic conversion, which limits the applications of the entanglement swapping for constructing broadband quantum network. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a measurement-free all-optical entanglement swapping. In our scheme, a high-gain parametric amplifier based on the four-wave mixing process is exploited to realize the function of Bell-state measurement without detection, which avoids the introduction of the optic-electro and electro-optic conversion. Our results provide an all-optical paradigm for implementing entanglement swapping and pave the way to construct a measurement-free all-optical broadband quantum network.
Summary form only given. Two pairs of EPR beams with identical frequency and constant phase relation are composed on two beamsplitters to produce two pairs of conditional entangled beams, two halves of which are sent to two sending stations (Alices) and others to two receiving stations (Bobs). The EPR entangled beams initially result from two-mode quadrature squeezed state light produced by, for example, two nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators (NOPO) pumped by a same laser. Converting the squeezed component of one of the EPR sources between amplitude and phase, the input quantum state at a sender will be reproduced at two receivers in turn. The quantum switching performance between two receivers is only manipulated by the squeezed component of a two-mode squeezed state light, which can be experimentally demonstrated by controlling the parametric process either in amplification or deamplification.