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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Quantum switching and quantum secret sharing manipulated by squeezed state light

Junxiang Zhang, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng

Published Nov 13, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Two pairs of EPR beams with identical frequency and constant phase relation are composed on two beamsplitters to produce two pairs of conditional entangled beams, two halves of which are sent to two sending stations (Alices) and others to two receiving stations (Bobs). The EPR entangled beams initially result from two-mode quadrature squeezed state light produced by, for example, two nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators (NOPO) pumped by a same laser. Converting the squeezed component of one of the EPR sources between amplitude and phase, the input quantum state at a sender will be reproduced at two receivers in turn. The quantum switching performance between two receivers is only manipulated by the squeezed component of a two-mode squeezed state light, which can be experimentally demonstrated by controlling the parametric process either in amplification or deamplification.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.962023

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Summary form only given. Two pairs of EPR beams with identical frequency and constant phase relation are composed on two beamsplitters to produce two pairs of conditional entangled beams, two halves of which are sent to two sending stations (Alices) and others to two receiving stations (Bobs). The EPR entangled beams initially result from two-mode quadrature squeezed state light produced by, for example, two nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators (NOPO) pumped by a same laser. Converting the squeezed component of one of the EPR sources between amplitude and phase, the input quantum state at a sender will be reproduced at two receivers in turn. The quantum switching performance between two receivers is only manipulated by the squeezed component of a two-mode squeezed state light, which can be experimentally demonstrated by controlling the parametric process either in amplification or deamplification.
A novel quantum switch for continuous variables teleportation is proposed. Two pairs of EPR beams with identical frequency and constant phase relation are composed on two beamsplitters to produce two pairs of conditional entangled beams, two of which are sent to two sending stations(Alices) and others to two receiving stations(bobs). The EPR entanglement initionally results from two-mode quadrature squeezed state light. Converting the squeezed component of one of EPR sources between amplitude and phase, the input quantum state at a sender will be reproduced at two receivers in turn. The switching system manipulated by squeezed state light might be developed as a practical quantum switch device for the communication and teleportation of quantum information.
We propose a quantum teleportation scheme in which a quantum state is teleported from the sending station (Alice) to either of two receiving stations (Bob1, Bob2). In this scheme, two pairs of EPR beams with identical frequency and constant phase relation are used to produce two pairs of conditional entangled beams by composing their modes on two beamsplitters. One output of a beamsplitter is sent to Alice and the two outputs of the other beamsplitter are sent to Bob1 and Bob2. Which receiving station actually receives the teleported state can be decided by correlating the in-phase or out-of-phase quadrature components of two two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The switch system manipulated by squeezed state light might be developed as a practical quantum switch device for the communication and teleportation of quantum information.
Quantum entanglement shared by more than two partites is the essential bases for developing quantum communication networks and quantum computation. The multipartite entanglement of continuous variables can be generated by distributing or combining squeezed states of light using linear optics. We experimentally obtained a tripartite entangled state of bright optical field by means of a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) and optical beam-splitters. The NOPA is operated in the state of parametric deamplification by locking the relative phase between the pump laser and the injected seed wave to (2n+1)π, so the generated Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) beam for continuous variables is an entangled state of light with the quantum correlation of phase quadratures and the quantum anticorrelation of amplitude quadratures [1]. The output EPR beam consists of two frequency-degenerate optical modes with horizontal and vertical polarizations which are distributed to three parties with two linear beam-splitters. We have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the three parties are in a tripartite entangled state with three-mode “position” (amplitude quadrature) correlation and relative “momentum” (phase quadrature) correlation [2]-[4]. The obtained GHZ-like state is a fully inseparable tripartite continuous-variables state violating the three inequalities used for the criterion of the inseparability [5][6]. The controlled dense coding quantum communication is experimentally accomplished by exploiting the tripartite entanglement. The three entangled modes are sent to a sender (Alice), a receiver (Bob) and a controller (Claire), respectively. The information transmission capacity of the quantum channel between Alice and Bob is controlled by Claire. The channel capacity completed under Claire’s help is always larger than that without her help.
Summary form only given. The scheme for continuous variable switch teleportation was proposed by using a pair of two-mode squeezed state lights on beamsplitter of 50% and polarizing beam splitter. Teleportation ability is examined by the criteria proposed by Ralph and Lam (1998) from a small signal quantum optical point of view. A pair of two-mode squeezed lights, which are coupled by two modes with identical frequency but orthogonal polarization, are mixed on a 50:50 beamsplitter. The outgoing fields are separated into A,B,C,D, by the polarizing beam splitter based on the polarization. It results in entanglement between the mode A and mode B or mode A and mode D in turn depending the input relative phase between two input two-mode squeezed lights or the quadrature components of squeezing. Thus, switching EPR beams with continuous variable are obtained.
A scheme achieving quantum entanglement swapping between two pairs of bright EPR optical beams is theoretically proposed. Two pairs of coherent EPR beams are produced from two independent nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers. The entanglement swapping is demonstrated by means of a half of each EPR beam. The measuring process entangles other two halves of EPR beams that have never directly interacted with each other. In the proposed system, the direct detection of Bell-states is applied instead of usual homodyne detetion. Due to that the local oscillator is not needed, the technic trouble for mode-matching is overcome and the efficiency of the detection can be increased in experiments.
It is theoretically proved that the two output light beams can be used as a pair of EPR(Einstin-Podolsky-Rosen) entangled beams when the incident light upon a beam splitter is a single mode quadrature-squeezed coherent state or a squeezed quantum soliton. It is the simplest scheme for preparing entangled states to our knowledge. The formulas explicitly show the correlation between the two nonclassical optical fields: squeezed states and entangled states. The affection of squeezing degree on entanglement is also investigated.