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Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics

Population transfer in four-level ladder system assisted by dressing fields

Rui Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Even-N-level ladder system has been analyzed for population transfer by counterintuitive frequency-chirped laser pulse,in which N-2 intermediate states are strongly coupled by dressing laser field.The specific analysis for the four-level ladder system has been carried out by using a dressed-state picture,as representative for even-N-system.It is found that a well-controlled pulse area is required for complete population transfer from |1〉|4〉 if the dressing field is sufficiently strong and on resonance.And it is essential to detune the pump and Stokes laser so that one of the dressed intermediate states is on resonance,leading to the reduction of the whole system to the three-level system.

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Even-N-level ladder system has been analyzed for population transfer by counterintuitive frequency-chirped laser pulse,in which N-2 intermediate states are strongly coupled by dressing laser field.The specific analysis for the four-level ladder system has been carried out by using a dressed-state picture,as representative for even-N-system.It is found that a well-controlled pulse area is required for complete population transfer from |1〉|4〉 if the dressing field is sufficiently strong and on resonance.And it is essential to detune the pump and Stokes laser so that one of the dressed intermediate states is on resonance,leading to the reduction of the whole system to the three-level system.
We analyze N-level systems for population transfer by counterintuitive pulse delay, in which $N\ensuremath{-}2$ intermediate states are strongly coupled by dressing laser fields. We have carried out specific analysis for the four- and five-level systems using a dressed-state picture, as representatives for even-N- and odd-N-level systems, respectively. We have found that the dynamics of the systems are essentially different for even-N- and odd-N-level systems, and that complete population transfer assisted by dressing fields is more restrictive for even-N-level systems than for odd-N-level systems.
Enhanced population transfer from the lowest to the highest level in the three-state ladder 5s->5p->5d of the rubidium atom by frequency swept ultra short laser pulses is observed if the frequency sweep first makes the pulse resonant with the 5s->5p transition, and later with the 5p->5d transition. With this intuitive scheme it is possible to achieve complete population inversion via the intermediate level by two successive adiabatic passages. Complete inversion is also obtained by a {open_quote}counterintuitive{close_quote} direction of the frequency-sweep, in which case population of the intermediate level during the pulse is strongly reduced. The atomic system can be seen as a model system for multistep vibrational excitation in an anharmonic molecular potential.
Enhanced population transfer from the lowest to the highest level in the three-state ladder 5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d of the rubidium atom by frequency-swept ultrashort laser pulses is observed if the frequency sweep first makes the pulse resonant with the 5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p transition, and later with the 5p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d transition. With this ``intuitive'' scheme it is possible to achive complete population inversion via the intermediate level by two successive adiabatic passages. Complete inversion is also obtained by a ``counterintuitive'' direction of the frequency sweep, in which case population of the intermediate level during the pulse is strongly reduced.
Adiabatic passage induced by chirped laser pulses in three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems is investigated. Two different strategies for efficient population transfer (equal and opposite sign of the chirp) are analyzed. The role of detuning, crucial for the attempt to reduce the population of the intermediate state, is demonstrated. The scheme of adiabatic passage by laser pulses with chirps of different sign is not symmetric with respect to the sign of the one-photon detuning. Blue detuning results in a smaller transient population of the intermediate state than does red detuning. The results are explained on the basis of dressed states. Numerical results for a fully off-resonant adiabatic passage scheme, based on two pulses with the same sign of the chirps, are also considered. The robustness of the schemes in terms of the Rabi frequency, chirp rate, detuning, and time delay of the pulses is explored.
The stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) is analyzed, which can give a complete transfer of atomic or molecular population between two bound states in the two level states and Λ(-three)-level state, by means of level-crossing technique and dressed states theory. SCRAP uses two laser pulses: a nearly-resonant pump laser pulse drives the population between a ground state and an excited state, and an intense far-off-resonance Stark laser pulse modifies the transition frequency and resonates with the Bohr transition frequency for two level crossings. A population-transfer maximal efficiency approaching unity is provided from the ground state to the excited state, when the delay of the Stark-shifting pulse with respect to the pulse of the coupling-laser frequency is appropriate and guarantees the pump pulse is strong at one of these crossings and is weak at second one.
We present explicit analytic expressions for adiabatic dressed states which, in suitable limits, produce complete population transfer between initial and final states of a four-state excitation chain without ever placing appreciable population into intermediate states. The population-transfer scheme is a generalization of the three-state stimulated Raman adiabatic passage that makes use of counterintuitive pulse sequences. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the four-state system differs in a very significant qualitative way from previously studied N-state systems with odd N. In particular, we find that the presence of modest detuning from single-photon resonance is critical to the success of population transfer.