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Infrared and Laser Engineering

Quantum gyroscope based on an atom interferometer

Jiangfeng Wang

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The quantum gyroscope based on an atom interferometer is introduced. The Sagnac effect for atom interferometry is described. The operation principle of quantum gyroscope that is made of atomic Mach-Zehnder interferometer is presented. The measurement precision of quantum gyroscope is several order higher than that of traditional gyroscope. It is a new generation of gyroscope.

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The measurement of physical quantities and measurement units standard promote the development of metrology. Especially, the developments of laser interference and atomic frequency standard bring a revolutionary leap for metrology. Many precision measurement techniques have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, such as gravitational wave measurements and laser gyroscopes based on laser interferometry, and atomic clocks and atomic gyroscopes based on the atom interferometry. Recently, a new branch of science, quantum metrology, has grown up to further explore and exploit the quantum techniques for precision measurement of physical quantities.#br#This paper will focus on recent developments in quantum metrology and interference based on coherence and correlation of light and atom. Firstly, we briefly review the development of metrology. Then, we introduce our own researches in recent years, including quantum-correlation SU(1,1) optical interferometer based on four wave mixing process in atomic vapor and the atom-light hybrid interferometer based on Raman scattering in atomic vapor.#br#Interferometer is a powerful tool to measure physical quantities sensitive to the inference wave with high precision, and has been widely used in scientific research, industry test, navigation and guidance system. For example, the laser interferometer is able to measure optical phase sensitive quantities, including length, angular velocity, gravitational wave and so on. Meanwhile, the atom interferometer is sensitive to the change of atomic phase caused by the light, gravity, electric and magnetic fields. As a new type of interferometry, the atom-light hybrid interferometer, is sensitive to both the optical phase and atomic phase. Furthermore, SU(1,1) interferometer and nonlinear atom-light hybrid interferometer have the ability to beat the standard quantum limit of phase sensitivity. Quantum interference technology, whose phase measurement accuracy can break through the limit of standard quantum limit, is the core of quantum metrology and quantum measurement technology.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2018•3 citations
The quantum gyroscope based on an atom interferometer is introduced. The Sagnac effect for atom interferometry is described. The operation principle of quantum gyroscope that is made of atomic Mach-Zehnder interferometer is presented. The measurement precision of quantum gyroscope is several order higher than that of traditional gyroscope. It is a new generation of gyroscope.
This paper presents the recent research status of quantum gyroscope and superfluid gyroscope based on the new physical effects of cryogenic Bose-Einstein condensation.The physical effects,operating principles and technical status of the two new types of gyroscopes were described.The quantum gyroscope is based on the Sagnac effect of mater wave,and its precision is several orders higher than that of optical gyroscope.The superfluid gyroscope is based on the superfluid’s low-viscosity and the quantum’s vortex properties,and can obtain super-high precision in principle.At last,the paper analyzes the development prospect of the two types of gyroscopes.
Summary form only given. Matter wave interferometers have become very promising tools in fundamental physics and metrology. The sensitivities obtained with such atomic quantum sensors compete with classical state-of-the-art devices for acceleration and rotation measurements. Currently, we are setting up a new cold atom Sagnac interferometer (CASI) to realize high precision measurements of rotations with a compact and flexible setup. Using cold atoms the experiment aims to achieve sensitivities down to 2/spl times/10/sup -9/ rad/s/Hz for a compact interferometer as short as 15 cm. Rotations and accelerations will be discriminated by synchronous operation of two counterpropagating ensembles of ultra-cold atoms. We will give an overview about the concept and the parameters of our future interferometer. The results of the characterization of our 2D-MOT, which serves as a brilliant source for our cold atom interferometer, will be presented. The compact design of the sensor will be transportable. Thus, it will permit the comparison with other gyroscopes. CASI will be a first step towards a cold atom space experiment of the second generation.
Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometry with quantum states has emerged a crucial tool for precision measurement system. Here, a novel scheme for angular velocity measurement in a fiber-optic quantum gyroscope is proposed and demonstrated, based on Sagnac effect of frequency-entangled biphotons and incorporating a HOM interferometer. The time delay resulting from the rotation-induced Sagnac effect between the signal and idler photons generates a shift of HOM dip, which is proportional to the angular velocity. Consequently, a highly sensitivity and stability angular velocity measurement is achieved by monitoring the HOM dip. The sensitivity scale is measured to be 3 . 54 ± 0 . 08 fs / rad / s which is equivalent to a minimally detectable angular velocity of 28.25 ± 0.06 × 10 - 5 r a d / s 58.27 ± 0.12 ° / h with a time delay of 1 a s . The measurement stability of the continuous rotating system, in terms of time Allan deviation (TDEV), reaches 1.93 × 10 - 3 fs at an averaging time of 10,240 s. The corresponding angular velocity measurement stability reaches 55 × 10 - 5 r a d / s . This scheme holds potential for advancing the development of high-performance optical quantum gyroscopes.
We present a precision atom interferometry gyroscope with a Sagnac area of 6.0 cm 2 . To drive the cold atom interferometry gyroscope, we utilize two sets of Raman beams with a pulse sequence of π /2- π - π - π /2. We present a procedure for aligning the two sets of Raman beams at the microradian level by making use of the atom interferometer itself in different configurations. Additionally, we measured the atomic cloud trajectory and implemented a spatial symmetry alignment for the atom interferometer. With these improvements, we construct a sensitive atom gyroscope with a stability of 1 nrad/s at an integration time of 10000 s. We analyzed the influence of Raman beams and the limitations of the system, and present the technical limits to the sensitivity and long-term stability. Finally, we point out the primary sources of noise in the atom interferometry gyroscope, clearing the way for the construction of further large-area atom gyroscopes.
The measurement of physical quantities and measurement units standard promote the development of metrology. Especially, the developments of laser interference and atomic frequency standard bring a revolutionary leap for metrology. Many precision measurement techniques have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, such as gravitational wave measurements and laser gyroscopes based on laser interferometry, and atomic clocks and atomic gyroscopes based on the atom interferometry. Recently, a new branch of science, quantum metrology, has grown up to further explore and exploit the quantum techniques for precision measurement of physical quantities.#br#This paper will focus on recent developments in quantum metrology and interference based on coherence and correlation of light and atom. Firstly, we briefly review the development of metrology. Then, we introduce our own researches in recent years, including quantum-correlation SU(1,1) optical interferometer based on four wave mixing process in atomic vapor and the atom-light hybrid interferometer based on Raman scattering in atomic vapor.#br#Interferometer is a powerful tool to measure physical quantities sensitive to the inference wave with high precision, and has been widely used in scientific research, industry test, navigation and guidance system. For example, the laser interferometer is able to measure optical phase sensitive quantities, including length, angular velocity, gravitational wave and so on. Meanwhile, the atom interferometer is sensitive to the change of atomic phase caused by the light, gravity, electric and magnetic fields. As a new type of interferometry, the atom-light hybrid interferometer, is sensitive to both the optical phase and atomic phase. Furthermore, SU(1,1) interferometer and nonlinear atom-light hybrid interferometer have the ability to beat the standard quantum limit of phase sensitivity. Quantum interference technology, whose phase measurement accuracy can break through the limit of standard quantum limit, is the core of quantum metrology and quantum measurement technology.