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Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics

Lifetime distribution of the spontaneous emission of atoms in a dieletric microcavity

Jia Wei Zheng

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study the spontaneous emission rate of excited atoms in a dielectric microcavity sandwiched by two dielectric semi-infinite spaces and introduce a lifetime distribution function to reveal decay kinetics in this paper.The spontaneous emission rate of atoms is calculated as a function of the position of atom in the microcavity in both symmetric and asymmetric structure cases.Our calculations show that the spontaneous emission rate of atoms depends on the thickness of the microcavity and the refractive indices of substrate.Both accelerated and inhibited decay processes appear.The lifetime distribution with a single-exponential decay can be observed in the much thicker microcavity.The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.

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We study the spontaneous emission rate of excited atoms in a dielectric microcavity sandwiched by two dielectric semi-infinite spaces and introduce a lifetime distribution function to reveal decay kinetics in this paper.The spontaneous emission rate of atoms is calculated as a function of the position of atom in the microcavity in both symmetric and asymmetric structure cases.Our calculations show that the spontaneous emission rate of atoms depends on the thickness of the microcavity and the refractive indices of substrate.Both accelerated and inhibited decay processes appear.The lifetime distribution with a single-exponential decay can be observed in the much thicker microcavity.The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.
Spontaneous decay behavior from an assembly of atoms (or molecules) in a dielectric slab sandwiched by two dielectric semi-infinite spaces with arbitrary refractive indices is investigated. We introduce a lifetime distribution function to describe decay kinetics. The zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are calculated as a function of the position of atom in the slab. They display a symmetric profile with respect to the central plane of the slab in symmetric structure sample and the contributions of the guided modes and the radiation modes components both exhibit cosinelike variation with a base but with a phase difference of \ensuremath{\pi}. With the increase of the thickness of the slab, the oscillations become dense. In contrast, for the asymmetric structure case, the related curves are asymmetric with respect to the middle plane of slab and exhibit considerably distorted cosinelike oscillations. The dependence of the spontaneous emission rate of atoms on the thickness of the slab and the refractive indices of substrate also is surveyed. Our calculations show that quite wide or narrow lifetime distribution can occur for different thicknesses of the slab. The coexistence of both accelerated and inhibited decay processes appears. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.
The formulas of the quantum electrodynamics have been applied to calculate the spontaneous emission rate of excited atom in dielectric microcavity. The results exhibit damping oscillating patterns which depend sensitively on the scaling parameter and geometrical structure. Compared with the case that the emitting atom is immersed in dielectric, the spontaneous emission rate is depressed obviously and the center or the mean value of the oscillations is intimately related to the real refractive index of the local position where the atom is. In order to explain this phenomenon, we utilize the closed-orbit theory to deal with the classical trajectories of the emitted photon, and extract the corresponding frequencies of the oscillations by Fourier transform. It is found that the oscillations can be represented in terms of the closed-orbits of the photon motion constrained in dielectric microcavity, thus providing another perspective on the spontaneous emission of atom sandwiched by dielectric slabs.
The formulas of the quantum electrodynamics have been applied to calculate the spontaneous emission rate of excited atom in dielectric microcavity.The results exhibit damping oscillating patterns which depend sensitively on the scaling parameter and geometrical structure.Compared with the case that the emitting atom is immersed in dielectric,the spontaneous emission rate is depressed obviously and the center or the mean value of the oscillations is intimately related to the real refractive index of the local position where the atom is.In order to explain this phenomenon,we utilize the closed-orbit theory to deal with the classical trajectories of the emitted photon,and extract the corresponding frequencies of the oscillations by Fourier transform.It is found that the oscillations can be represented in terms of the closed-orbits of the photon motion constrained in dielectric microcavity,thus providing another perspective on the spontaneous emission of atom sandwiched by dielectric slabs.更多还原
Starting from a quantum Maxwell equation for the vector potential operator, we study the spontaneous emission properties of a two-level atom interacting with the electromagnetic field in a lossless and inhomogeneous dielectric structure and express the spontaneous emission rate, the external quantum efficiency, and the spontaneous emission factor in terms of the classical Green function of the dielectric structure. Comparing these results with the corresponding classical results, we show that the above quantities can be calculated from the radiation field of a classical dipole. Based on this correspondence, a numerical algorithm is developed to calculate the modification of spontaneous emission in microcavities. The line shape of the emission spectrum of the light source and the decay of the cavity resonant modes are automatically taken into account in this algorithm. The approximate expressions for the spontaneous emission rate and the spontaneous emission factor are discussed.
The rate of spontaneous emission of an atom in the presence of an interface between two dielectrics was calculated using the quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation. Spatial distribution of the field for quasi-continuous spectrum inside an infinite cavity with ideally conducting walls was determined for multiple values of real refractive indices. Spontaneous emission in the continuous spectrum of the field was calculated using the known spatial Green’s function for a one-dimensional dielectric interface. The rate of spontaneous emission of an atom may either be higher or much lower than that in the free space, depending on the refractive indices and the distance between the atom and the interface between dielectrics.
We present calculations of the rates of decay of an excited atom embedded in an absorbing dielectric. Decay can occur by spontaneous emission into transverse radiative modes of the electromagnetic field and by Joule heating via longitudinal coupling of the atom to the dielectric. The spontaneous emission (transverse) decay rate is modified in a dielectric, being the free-space rate multiplied by the real part of the refractive index at the transition frequency of the atom. There is a further modification due to the difference between the macroscopic dielectric field and the local field at the position of the atom. In addition there is a longitudinal decay rate which is proportional to the imaginary part of the dielectric constant and therefore vanishes in non-absorbing media. We derive expressions for each of these rates of decay and discuss the physical mechanisms leading to them.