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Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Harbin Engineering University

Frequency domain bistability of tunable laser with frequency-dependent feedback

Lixue Chen

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations

Abstract

Traditional frequency domain optical bistability(FDOB) devices with hybrid electro-optical feedback have low response speed and high noise fluctuations.Hence,a novel tunable laser FDOB device with an all-optical feedback was developed using a nonlinear fiber ring resonator as the frequency feedback element.Parametric equations of optical bistability were established according to the system's response to nonlinear process and frequency-dependent feedback.Based on the parametric equations,the characteristics and controllable operations of FDOB were analyzed.The switching response speed of the optical bistability was discussed.The analysis showed that the proposed all-fiber laser bistability device can effectively achieve intensity-driven and gain-driven optical bistability.The position and shape of the bistability hysteresis curve vary with the adjustment of gain or loss in the fiber ring resonator,hence realizing the controlled all-optical bistability operations.Sudden jumping of optical bistability in the frequency domain can be applied to monitor laser wavelength shift and achieve sensoring.The optical bistability response time is in the nanosecond order of magnitude and bistability switching is ultrafast.

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Traditional frequency domain optical bistability(FDOB) devices with hybrid electro-optical feedback have low response speed and high noise fluctuations.Hence,a novel tunable laser FDOB device with an all-optical feedback was developed using a nonlinear fiber ring resonator as the frequency feedback element.Parametric equations of optical bistability were established according to the system's response to nonlinear process and frequency-dependent feedback.Based on the parametric equations,the characteristics and controllable operations of FDOB were analyzed.The switching response speed of the optical bistability was discussed.The analysis showed that the proposed all-fiber laser bistability device can effectively achieve intensity-driven and gain-driven optical bistability.The position and shape of the bistability hysteresis curve vary with the adjustment of gain or loss in the fiber ring resonator,hence realizing the controlled all-optical bistability operations.Sudden jumping of optical bistability in the frequency domain can be applied to monitor laser wavelength shift and achieve sensoring.The optical bistability response time is in the nanosecond order of magnitude and bistability switching is ultrafast.

A novel optical inverted bistable switch based on a nonlinear fiber ring resonator (FRR), which contains a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in the loop, have been analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The optical bistability phenomenon is obtained due to the combined nonlinear effects of the transmission characteristics of the resonator and the SOA's gain property. A complete theoretical analysis and supporting simulations are presented. A working prototype is build using commercial optical components. Experimental results show switching speed in tens of MHz with rising and falling times lower than 10 ns. Limitations in switching speed are caused by the length of the fiber loop. Therefore, improvements in operating frequencies can be increased up to GHz range if the length of the loop is reduced to the order of centimeters.

The structure of combining two segments of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) together—one EDF acting as an amplifier and the other as an absorber—has a special gain characteristic curve which has a maximum gain with an increase in the input signal power. This special gain characteristic curve can lead to an optical bistability (OB) phenomenon in a fiber-ring laser employing an EDF of this structure. By adjusting the pump light power injected into the second segment of the EDF, we can change the behavior of the absorber and can, therefore, control the range of the bistability region. A method is proposed to calculate the tunable optical bistability, and the calculation result is in accordance with our experiment.

In the last chapter, we examined the eﬀect of cubic nonlinearity on selfrefraction of an optical beam. We have also seen that the presence of a quadratic nonlinearity can also contribute to change in the proﬁle of a Gaussian beam in a crystal. In this chapter we will see how the eﬀect of nonlinearity, alongwith the proper feedback, can give rise to optical bistability and hysteresis. This is not unexpected as hysteresis and bistability are also observed in nonlinear electronic circuits with feedback, such as in the Schmitt trigger, as well as in hybrid optical devices, such as an acoustooptic device with feedback (Banerjee and Poon, 1991). In what follows, we will examine two diﬀerent types of optically bistable devices based on optical nonlinearities. The ﬁrst is a nonlinear ring resonator comprising a two-level gain medium as the nonlinear element. We will treat both absorptive and dispersive bistability. Absorptive bistability is the case when the incident optical frequency is close to or equal to the transition frequency of the atoms from one level to another. In this case, the absorption coeﬃcient becomes a nonlinear function of the incident intensity. On the other hand, if the frequencies are far apart, the medium behaves like a Kerr-type material and the system exhibits what is called dispersive bistability. In this case the material can be modeled by an eﬀective n2 or v (3), meaning that the refractive index becomes a nonlinear function of the optical intensity. The second conﬁgurationwewill examine is a linear-nonlinear interface. In this case, the interface provides the feedback due to refractive index mismatch. In fact, the reﬂection coeﬃcient (as well as the transmission coeﬃcient) is modiﬁed due to the nonlinearity, which, as we shall see later, is responsible for demonstrating optical switching and bistability.