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Sichuan Commercial College Journal

Philosophical Reflections on Information and Quantum Information

Wang Lu-zhi

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum information is a new forefront inter-discipline which combines information science with quantum physics. It has the unique characteristics of entanglement and non-localized connection with which the classical information science can抰 compare. This poses a new problem to philosophy. On the basis of the foundation of information theory by science and technology, the article redefines information from the philosophical angle, thinking information is an objective existence in the form of non-substance with movement as its presentation. The article explains the three kinds of intrinsic unitarity of quantum information: the unitarity between information existence and quantum existence, the unitarity between determinism and non-determinism, the unitarity between locality and non-locality.

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The quantum entanglement and nonlocality,the most miraculous feature and resource of quantum information,do not only involve basic problems of quantum theory such as reality,locality,latent variable and measurement theory,but pose a fundamental question for philosophy.With a philosophical reflection on quantum entanglement and nonlocality,the paper discusses the philosophical significance of quantum entanglement and nonlocality.It bears an important significance for recognizing and understanding the information theory and technology.

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Combining physics and philosophy, this is a uniquely interdisciplinary examination of quantum information science which provides an up-to-date examination of developments in this field. The authors provide coherent definitions and theories of information, taking clearly defined approaches to considering information in connection with quantum mechanics, probability, and correlations. Concepts addressed include entanglement of quantum states, the relation of quantum correlations to quantum information, and the meaning of the informational approach for the foundations of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, the mathematical concept of information in the communicational context, and the notion of pragmatic information are considered. Suitable as both a discussion of the conceptual and philosophical problems of this field and a comprehensive stand-alone introduction, this book will benefit both experienced and new researchers in quantum information and the philosophy of physics.

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Introduction The quantum information theory began to rise in the end of 20th century. The EPR (relation)really is quantum entanglement, Consequently, it makes the concept of information in science expand from classical information theory to quantum information theory, and a new concept of quantum information formed. The primary concept of information faced to new challenges and produced some important philosophical questions. For example, can we set up the concept of quantum information? What is the nature of quantum information? The past common concept of information (the information is the elimination of uncertainty) could be used in quantum information? Whether does the emergence of quantum computation mean to eliminate no-boundaries between the quantum and the classical? My aim in this paper is to discuss these questions. My philosophical analysis focuses, however, on the basic quantum information theory. 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(2) On the aspect of eliminating the uncertainty, the quantum communication is same as classical communication. The signal receiver once received quantum signals transmitted, and the receiver eliminates the corresponding uncertainty of quantum. Therefore, the quantum information is the elimination of quantum uncertainty, and which is called quantum information I. From two point of views, the possible events and eliminate uncertainty, the quantum information and classical information have family resemblance. Quantum information like Classical information way of transmission, it is delivered by the information source, and is received by recipient through the information channel. Quantum Information is similar to classical information, but more essential difference between them, specifically in the following three aspects: (1) The probability directly describe the possibility of classic events, while wave function (or probability amplitude) describes quantum events in the quantum world, and the absolute square of wave function is corresponded to classical probability. (2)There have the essential difference between qubits (quantum qits) and classical bits. (3) Classical information can be completely cloned or deleted. nevertheless, quantum information is neither cloned (no-cloning), nor removed completely. To my point of view, through the analysis of the process of quantum teleportation, a quantum uncertainty can be divided into three categories: the first is the external uncertainties of microscopic particles; the second the uncertainty of the superposition state; the third the inherent uncertainty of microscopic particles. These three uncertainties can be eliminated by three different ways that are transmission of quantum information, accurate quantum transformations and the creations of quantum entanglement. Therefore we can give the general definition of certainty: a situation (the state of events, things) is of certainty, if they are satisfied with the following conditions: (a) a situation is entirely determined by n events parameters; (b) n parameters of events has an accurate values simultaneously. The existences of quantum states form quantum facts. Quantum states show themselves, and therefore it releases the information to the outside world. For this reason, there have two aspects of quantum state which need to express: existence of quantum state is the quantum fact, here we emphasize "existence"; and quantum state can show to the external world, which is the quantum information, here we emphasize "Show". Hence, quantum information is the show(Zeigt) of quantum state, which is called quantum information II. The nature of quantum information is the show of quantum events and their correlated ways. Quantum information is a kind of certainty and order. Quantum information can be divided into quantum informationⅠand quantum informationⅡ.. Quantum InformationⅠjust only a phenomenonal definition, it does not go deeply into the nature of the information. Therefore, the elimination of uncertainty can not be seen as the nature of quantum information itself . In the process of quantum teleportation, the source of quantum information (such as quantum state , a and b are coefficients) is delivered to the receiver, what is the essence of quantum information? From the point of view of quantum information theory, quantum state represents quantum information, quantum state is the state of quantum system (or microscopic particles) or quantum events. in the quantum state , what quantum states disclose the quantum information does not be the absolute size of quantum information, but the relationship, since the coefficients a and b satisfy the condition , and it do not be important numerical a and b, but between their relative size and relationship, which reflects the correlated ways between a and b. The connotation of quantum InformationⅠand quantum information Ⅱ offers support for the common view of classical information concept. Which is more deeply to disclose the nature of quantum information for both of them? Obviously, quantum information Ⅱ reflects the nature of quantum information. Quantum reality and quantum information are unified. What the wave function expresses is quantum reality. The wave function is unified of quantum information and quantum reality. There is no quantum reality, there is no quantum information. Because of the information and reality are unified, and quantum information different from classical information, so we can deduce that quantum reality is different from classical reality, and quantum computing differs from classical computing. In the classical parallel computing, the value calculated in different circuits respectively, but in parallel quantum computing the value calculated in one circuit, which is the essential difference between classical and quantum parallel computing. Many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics does not mean that the difference between quantum and classical disappears: (1) Superposition in the microscopic world is very different from classical macroscopic physical world, so it is impossible that the superposition principle is fit for quantum world used for the classical world; (2) "To perform a quantum measurement, quantum world can be split up numerous classical world" is not supported by any experience and evidence; (3) Each branches of quantum computing are in quantum states, and quantum states are coherent, holistic, and some even entangled. Nevertheless, it is impossible for classical computing to achieve the quantum computing’s specific features; (4) The essential differences between quantum and the classical are decided by the development history of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. The differences between quantum and the classical is really established by the quantum theory, concepts and their experiments that include Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics of Schrodinger’s wave equation, uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement phenomena and so on. They are completely different from the classical physical theories, concepts and experiments. Figure 1. Quantum information processing (see PDF version for the Figure). Conclusions This fruitful work gives an discussion of quantum concept that is the quantum information is the elimination of quantum uncertainty, which is called quantum information I and quantum information is the show (Zeigt) of quantum state, which is called quantum information II. Quantum information II reflects the nature of quantum information. The nature of quantum information is the show of quantum events and their correlated ways. Acknowledgments This research work of this paper is supported by 2011 the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Project Number: 11JZD007) " Studies of the development trend of contemporary technological philosophy" . References and Notes Weiner, N., Cybernetics and Society. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950. Shannon, C. E., The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal. 1948, Vol.27, pp.379-423, 623-656. Kornwachs K., Jacoby K., Introduction: What’s new about information? In Kornwachs K., Jacoby K.eds. Information. Berlin: Akademic Verlag GmbH. 1996. Bouwmeester, D. Pan, J.-W.，et al. Experimental Quantum Teleportation. Nature. 1997. 390. Bennett C. H. and Di Vinecenzo D. P. quantum information and computation, Nature, 2000, 404. Einstein, A. Podolsky B., and Rosen, N. Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Physical Review. 1935,47. Nielsen, M. A. Chuang, I. L., Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2000. Duwell, A. Quantum information does not exist. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics，2003, (34). Berta, M. Christandl, M. Colbeck, R., et al. The uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory. Nat. Phys., 2010, (6). Caves， M. and Fuchs，C. A. 1996. Quantum information：how much information in a state vector?. preprint quant-ph/9601025. Barrow, J., et al, Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 2004. Yongde Zhang, Principles of Quantum Information Physics. Beijing: Science Press. 2006. Wheeler, J. A., At Home in the Universe. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1996. Guolin Wu, Quantum Entanglement And Its Philosophical Meaning, Studies in Dialectics of Nature, 2005, (7). Guolin Wu, A Detailed Philosophical Inquiry of the Quantum Information, Philosophical Researches. 2014, (8). Guolin Wu, Philosophical Connotation of quantum information Technology. Philosophical Trend. 2013, (8).

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This paper delves into the significance and impact of quantum entanglement across the fields of physics, information science, and philosophy. Utilizing a literature review approach, the paper first introduces the concept and historical background of quantum entanglement, emphasizing its challenge to the limitations of classical physics and its potential applications in quantum communication and quantum computing. This paper thoroughly explains the theoretical foundations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment and Bell's inequality, along with related experimental validations and key results. In particular, it elucidates how quantum entanglement reveals the nonlocality in quantum mechanics and the characteristics of nonlocal information transfer. The discussion then shifts to the challenge quantum entanglement poses to physical ontology, exploring the philosophical implications and the new perspectives it offers in information theory. Finally, this study concludes by summarizing the profound impact of quantum entanglement as one of the most challenging and inspiring research areas in contemporary physics on scientific theory and philosophical thought, as well as anticipating future research directions and potential applications.

Theoretical and Natural Science•Nov 1, 2024•0 citations

The ontology and entirety epistemology of quantum information

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Knowledge theory,methodology and practice theory of quantum information provide explanations to basic morphology of ontology and collective correlation for scientific philosophy.From philosophical view,the knowledge theory of quantum information provides direction of understanding micro reality ontology for basic research of quantum information,reflects cognition from integral representation of microcosmic particle to?constructive relation reality,and describes the epistemic process from the knowledge theory of representationism to internal connections between subject and object.The epistemic process of quantum information from ontology to entirety is of important significance to human activities of ecognition and thinking,which provides new knowledge theory and methodology to human.

Journal of Guizhou University•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations
Quantum information is a new forefront inter-discipline which combines information science with quantum physics. It has the unique characteristics of entanglement and non-localized connection with which the classical information science can抰 compare. This poses a new problem to philosophy. On the basis of the foundation of information theory by science and technology, the article redefines information from the philosophical angle, thinking information is an objective existence in the form of non-substance with movement as its presentation. The article explains the three kinds of intrinsic unitarity of quantum information: the unitarity between information existence and quantum existence, the unitarity between determinism and non-determinism, the unitarity between locality and non-locality.
The quantum entanglement and nonlocality,the most miraculous feature and resource of quantum information,do not only involve basic problems of quantum theory such as reality,locality,latent variable and measurement theory,but pose a fundamental question for philosophy.With a philosophical reflection on quantum entanglement and nonlocality,the paper discusses the philosophical significance of quantum entanglement and nonlocality.It bears an important significance for recognizing and understanding the information theory and technology.
Combining physics and philosophy, this is a uniquely interdisciplinary examination of quantum information science which provides an up-to-date examination of developments in this field. The authors provide coherent definitions and theories of information, taking clearly defined approaches to considering information in connection with quantum mechanics, probability, and correlations. Concepts addressed include entanglement of quantum states, the relation of quantum correlations to quantum information, and the meaning of the informational approach for the foundations of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, the mathematical concept of information in the communicational context, and the notion of pragmatic information are considered. Suitable as both a discussion of the conceptual and philosophical problems of this field and a comprehensive stand-alone introduction, this book will benefit both experienced and new researchers in quantum information and the philosophy of physics.
Introduction The quantum information theory began to rise in the end of 20th century. The EPR (relation)really is quantum entanglement, Consequently, it makes the concept of information in science expand from classical information theory to quantum information theory, and a new concept of quantum information formed. The primary concept of information faced to new challenges and produced some important philosophical questions. For example, can we set up the concept of quantum information? What is the nature of quantum information? The past common concept of information (the information is the elimination of uncertainty) could be used in quantum information? Whether does the emergence of quantum computation mean to eliminate no-boundaries between the quantum and the classical? My aim in this paper is to discuss these questions. My philosophical analysis focuses, however, on the basic quantum information theory. Methods The research method is analytical philosophy and logic that make quantum conception more clear and accurate. Results and Discussion The concept of information could be set up. fundamentally speaking, it did be supported by the Shannon information theory and further philosophical reflections. According of information theory, (classical) information concept could be set up, and there are two necessary preconditions: (a) the premise is a set of possible events, and they can be described by the probability. (b) the information is the elimination of uncertainty. Fundamentally, quantum information is also satisfied with the family-resemblance two preconditions: (1) Quantum information describes the possibility of microscopic things, and quantum information is the expression of wave function. The wave function describes the state of microscopic particles, and presentation of the possibility of microscopic objects. (2) On the aspect of eliminating the uncertainty, the quantum communication is same as classical communication. The signal receiver once received quantum signals transmitted, and the receiver eliminates the corresponding uncertainty of quantum. Therefore, the quantum information is the elimination of quantum uncertainty, and which is called quantum information I. From two point of views, the possible events and eliminate uncertainty, the quantum information and classical information have family resemblance. Quantum information like Classical information way of transmission, it is delivered by the information source, and is received by recipient through the information channel. Quantum Information is similar to classical information, but more essential difference between them, specifically in the following three aspects: (1) The probability directly describe the possibility of classic events, while wave function (or probability amplitude) describes quantum events in the quantum world, and the absolute square of wave function is corresponded to classical probability. (2)There have the essential difference between qubits (quantum qits) and classical bits. (3) Classical information can be completely cloned or deleted. nevertheless, quantum information is neither cloned (no-cloning), nor removed completely. To my point of view, through the analysis of the process of quantum teleportation, a quantum uncertainty can be divided into three categories: the first is the external uncertainties of microscopic particles; the second the uncertainty of the superposition state; the third the inherent uncertainty of microscopic particles. These three uncertainties can be eliminated by three different ways that are transmission of quantum information, accurate quantum transformations and the creations of quantum entanglement. Therefore we can give the general definition of certainty: a situation (the state of events, things) is of certainty, if they are satisfied with the following conditions: (a) a situation is entirely determined by n events parameters; (b) n parameters of events has an accurate values simultaneously. The existences of quantum states form quantum facts. Quantum states show themselves, and therefore it releases the information to the outside world. For this reason, there have two aspects of quantum state which need to express: existence of quantum state is the quantum fact, here we emphasize "existence"; and quantum state can show to the external world, which is the quantum information, here we emphasize "Show". Hence, quantum information is the show(Zeigt) of quantum state, which is called quantum information II. The nature of quantum information is the show of quantum events and their correlated ways. Quantum information is a kind of certainty and order. Quantum information can be divided into quantum informationⅠand quantum informationⅡ.. Quantum InformationⅠjust only a phenomenonal definition, it does not go deeply into the nature of the information. Therefore, the elimination of uncertainty can not be seen as the nature of quantum information itself . In the process of quantum teleportation, the source of quantum information (such as quantum state , a and b are coefficients) is delivered to the receiver, what is the essence of quantum information? From the point of view of quantum information theory, quantum state represents quantum information, quantum state is the state of quantum system (or microscopic particles) or quantum events. in the quantum state , what quantum states disclose the quantum information does not be the absolute size of quantum information, but the relationship, since the coefficients a and b satisfy the condition , and it do not be important numerical a and b, but between their relative size and relationship, which reflects the correlated ways between a and b. The connotation of quantum InformationⅠand quantum information Ⅱ offers support for the common view of classical information concept. Which is more deeply to disclose the nature of quantum information for both of them? Obviously, quantum information Ⅱ reflects the nature of quantum information. Quantum reality and quantum information are unified. What the wave function expresses is quantum reality. The wave function is unified of quantum information and quantum reality. There is no quantum reality, there is no quantum information. Because of the information and reality are unified, and quantum information different from classical information, so we can deduce that quantum reality is different from classical reality, and quantum computing differs from classical computing. In the classical parallel computing, the value calculated in different circuits respectively, but in parallel quantum computing the value calculated in one circuit, which is the essential difference between classical and quantum parallel computing. Many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics does not mean that the difference between quantum and classical disappears: (1) Superposition in the microscopic world is very different from classical macroscopic physical world, so it is impossible that the superposition principle is fit for quantum world used for the classical world; (2) "To perform a quantum measurement, quantum world can be split up numerous classical world" is not supported by any experience and evidence; (3) Each branches of quantum computing are in quantum states, and quantum states are coherent, holistic, and some even entangled. Nevertheless, it is impossible for classical computing to achieve the quantum computing’s specific features; (4) The essential differences between quantum and the classical are decided by the development history of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. The differences between quantum and the classical is really established by the quantum theory, concepts and their experiments that include Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics of Schrodinger’s wave equation, uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement phenomena and so on. They are completely different from the classical physical theories, concepts and experiments. Figure 1. Quantum information processing (see PDF version for the Figure). Conclusions This fruitful work gives an discussion of quantum concept that is the quantum information is the elimination of quantum uncertainty, which is called quantum information I and quantum information is the show (Zeigt) of quantum state, which is called quantum information II. Quantum information II reflects the nature of quantum information. The nature of quantum information is the show of quantum events and their correlated ways. Acknowledgments This research work of this paper is supported by 2011 the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Project Number: 11JZD007) " Studies of the development trend of contemporary technological philosophy" . References and Notes Weiner, N., Cybernetics and Society. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950. Shannon, C. E., The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal. 1948, Vol.27, pp.379-423, 623-656. Kornwachs K., Jacoby K., Introduction: What’s new about information? In Kornwachs K., Jacoby K.eds. Information. Berlin: Akademic Verlag GmbH. 1996. Bouwmeester, D. Pan, J.-W.，et al. Experimental Quantum Teleportation. Nature. 1997. 390. Bennett C. H. and Di Vinecenzo D. P. quantum information and computation, Nature, 2000, 404. Einstein, A. Podolsky B., and Rosen, N. Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Physical Review. 1935,47. Nielsen, M. A. Chuang, I. L., Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2000. Duwell, A. Quantum information does not exist. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics，2003, (34). Berta, M. Christandl, M. Colbeck, R., et al. The uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory. Nat. Phys., 2010, (6). Caves， M. and Fuchs，C. A. 1996. Quantum information：how much information in a state vector?. preprint quant-ph/9601025. Barrow, J., et al, Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 2004. Yongde Zhang, Principles of Quantum Information Physics. Beijing: Science Press. 2006. Wheeler, J. A., At Home in the Universe. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1996. Guolin Wu, Quantum Entanglement And Its Philosophical Meaning, Studies in Dialectics of Nature, 2005, (7). Guolin Wu, A Detailed Philosophical Inquiry of the Quantum Information, Philosophical Researches. 2014, (8). Guolin Wu, Philosophical Connotation of quantum information Technology. Philosophical Trend. 2013, (8).
This paper delves into the significance and impact of quantum entanglement across the fields of physics, information science, and philosophy. Utilizing a literature review approach, the paper first introduces the concept and historical background of quantum entanglement, emphasizing its challenge to the limitations of classical physics and its potential applications in quantum communication and quantum computing. This paper thoroughly explains the theoretical foundations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment and Bell's inequality, along with related experimental validations and key results. In particular, it elucidates how quantum entanglement reveals the nonlocality in quantum mechanics and the characteristics of nonlocal information transfer. The discussion then shifts to the challenge quantum entanglement poses to physical ontology, exploring the philosophical implications and the new perspectives it offers in information theory. Finally, this study concludes by summarizing the profound impact of quantum entanglement as one of the most challenging and inspiring research areas in contemporary physics on scientific theory and philosophical thought, as well as anticipating future research directions and potential applications.
Knowledge theory,methodology and practice theory of quantum information provide explanations to basic morphology of ontology and collective correlation for scientific philosophy.From philosophical view,the knowledge theory of quantum information provides direction of understanding micro reality ontology for basic research of quantum information,reflects cognition from integral representation of microcosmic particle to?constructive relation reality,and describes the epistemic process from the knowledge theory of representationism to internal connections between subject and object.The epistemic process of quantum information from ontology to entirety is of important significance to human activities of ecognition and thinking,which provides new knowledge theory and methodology to human.