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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Description of The Normal-mode Splitting of Intracavity EIT Medium with Linear-dispersion Theory

Jing Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The normal-mode splitting(or the vacuum Rabi splitting) is a typical strong interaction of atoms in the cavity QED system.Linear-dispersion theory was adopted to research a composite atom-cavity system.By putting absorption and dispersion of intracavity three-energy level atom in the EIT condition(EIT medium) into the formula of the empty-cavity transmission,we can see that a resonance transmission spectrum was split into three transmission spectrums due to absorption and dispersion of EIT medium in the cavity.The method can be applied to all cavities which contain medium of random absorption and dispersion.

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The normal-mode splitting(or the vacuum Rabi splitting) is a typical strong interaction of atoms in the cavity QED system.Linear-dispersion theory was adopted to research a composite atom-cavity system.By putting absorption and dispersion of intracavity three-energy level atom in the EIT condition(EIT medium) into the formula of the empty-cavity transmission,we can see that a resonance transmission spectrum was split into three transmission spectrums due to absorption and dispersion of EIT medium in the cavity.The method can be applied to all cavities which contain medium of random absorption and dispersion.
We present the theory of ``normal mode splitting'' (sometimes also called, in the low-intensity limit, ``vacuum Rabi splitting'') for a Doppler-broadened two-level medium in an optical cavity, and illustrate it with experimental results. We note that, in the extreme Doppler limit, the absorptive and dispersive properties of the medium are due to almost completely different groups of atoms, and hence it is possible, in principle, to partially saturate the absorbing atoms without changing the dispersion very much; as a result of this, for a sufficiently high probe intensity, transmission peaks well within the Doppler absorption profile are visible, even though the medium is optically dense. Some interesting features exhibited by this system in various regimes are transmission peaks that are unrelated to the ``zero-phase'' condition, and three-peaked transmission spectra for high atomic density and high cavity input power.
A composite atom-cavity system exhibits complex behavior with respect to spontaneous emission, resonance fluorescence, and transmission spectra.1–3 An early investigation1 showed that for an atom in an ideal cavity, the spontaneous-emission spectra show a doublet splitting in the case of very weak excitation. This splitting, which arises from vacuum-field Rabi oscillation, is regarded as an inherently quantum phenomenon.1,2 However, recent experiments and theoretical analyses have demonstrated that the multiatom vacuum Rabi splitting may be regarded as a feature of linear dispersion theory.3 This approach is dramatically different from the one employed in QED descriptions of the problem.
We theoretically study the cavity transmission spectra with three-level atoms coupled by a coherent external control field in the superstrong coupling regime (atoms-cavity coupling strength g [square root] N is near or larger than the cavity free-spectral range DeltaFSR). When satisfying the superstrong coupling condition by increasing the number of the interaction atoms, more than one FSR cavity modes interact with atoms and each mode will split three peaks, which can be well explained by the linear dispersion enhancement of electromagnetically induced transparency medium due to the largely increased atomic density in the cavity.
The transmission spectrum for one atom strongly coupled to the field of a high finesse optical resonator is observed to exhibit a clearly resolved vacuum Rabi splitting characteristic of the normal modes in the eigenvalue spectrum of the atom-cavity system. A new Raman scheme for cooling atomic motion along the cavity axis enables a complete spectrum to be recorded for an individual atom trapped within the cavity mode, in contrast to all previous measurements in cavity QED that have required averaging over 10(3)-10(5) atoms.
We report experimental measurements of the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with cold Rb atoms. We observe the multiatom vacuum Rabi splitting of a composite cavity and atom system. When a coupling field is applied to the atoms and induces the resonant two-photon Raman transition with the cavity field in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type system, we observe a cavity transmission spectrum with two vacuum Rabi sidebands and a central peak representing the intracavity dark state. The central peak linewidth is significantly narrowed by the dark-state resonance and its position is insensitive to the frequency change of the empty cavity.