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THE FIRST NOBEL PRIZE OF THE CENTURY \_\_COMMENT ON BOSE\|EINSTEIN CONDENSATION

Wei Xiao

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The principle of Bose\|Einstein Condensation(BEC) is outlined.The great contribution of E.A.Connell,C.E.Wieman and W.Ketterle who shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics,in creating the world's first Bose\|Einstein Condensate is described.New progress in their studies of BEC physics and atomlasers is reviewed,as well as further prospects of for the applications of BEC.

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The principle of Bose|Einstein Condensation(BEC) is outlined.The great contribution of E.A.Connell,C.E.Wieman and W.Ketterle who shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics,in creating the world's first Bose|Einstein Condensate is described.New progress in their studies of BEC physics and atomlasers is reviewed,as well as further prospects of for the applications of BEC.
WHEN the 2001 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman from JILA in Boulder, Colorado, and to Wolfgang Ketterle from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, they were recognized for creating and studying Bose–Einstein condensates – dilute gases of atoms that are all in the same quantum state. Their remarkable achievement enabled "quantum gases" to be studied experimentally for the first time, and jump-started new sub-fields of research, including gaseous superfluidity, atom lasers and matter–wave optics.
Following an explosion of research on Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) ignited by demonstration of the effect by 2001 Nobel prize winners Cornell, Wieman and Ketterle, this book surveys the field of BEC studies. Written by experts in the field, it focuses on Bose–Einstein condensation as a universal phenomenon, covering topics such as cold atoms, magnetic and optical condensates in solids, liquid helium and field theory. Summarising general theoretical concepts and the research to date - including novel experimental realisations in previously inaccessible systems and their theoretical interpretation - it is an excellent resource for researchers and students in theoretical and experimental physics who wish to learn of the general themes of BEC in different subfields.
Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute gases offer a rich field to study fundamental quantum-mechanical processes, manipulation of the speed at which light propogates, observation of atomic pair-formation and superfluidity, or even simulating white dwarf stars. Still more radical applications are on the horizon. However, their initial creation was a masterpiece of experimental physics. After an initial process of laser cooling (which itself won its developers the 1997 Nobel Prize), atoms in a magnetic-optical trap must be safely transferred into a purely magnetic trap, where the condensation process begins at 170 nK and 20 nK a pure condensate of 2000 atoms could be created. More astonishingly, Wieman and Cornell showed these low temperatures could be achieved in "bench scale" equipment rather than the massive pieces normally demanded by cryoscience. For their 1995 discovery of this new state of matter, they were awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.