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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Parametric Six-Wave Mixing and Quantum Beatings in Rb

Junfang He

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Axially phase-matched parametric six-wave mixing was achieved in Rb and the parametric six-wave mixing signals in the infrared range were detected.Tunable signals in the visible range were produced by sum-frequency mixing of the pump laser and the parametric six-wave mixing signals in the infrared range.And,quantum beating at a frequency of 608 cm-1 was observed from the sum-frequency signal,indicating that the coherent properties of atoms and molecules can be studied by means of quantum beating recovered from parametric six-wave mixing signals.

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Chinese Physics Letters•Jul 26, 2007•8 citations
Axially phase-matched parametric six-wave mixing was achieved in Rb and the parametric six-wave mixing signals in the infrared range were detected.Tunable signals in the visible range were produced by sum-frequency mixing of the pump laser and the parametric six-wave mixing signals in the infrared range.And,quantum beating at a frequency of 608 cm-1 was observed from the sum-frequency signal,indicating that the coherent properties of atoms and molecules can be studied by means of quantum beating recovered from parametric six-wave mixing signals.
Two processes of coupled difference-frequency axially phase-matched parametric six-wave mixing are carried out in Rb vapour by two-photon excitation using fs laser pulses, and parametric six-wave mixing signals in the infrared and near infrared regime are detected. The infrared parametric six-wave mixing signals are up-converted into the visible spectral range by sum-frequency mixing with the pump laser in a LHO 3 crystal. Moreover, quantum beating at 608 cm -1 , corresponding to the 7 s – 5d energy difference in Rb, is observed from the sum-frequency signal at 495 nm. As a result, we obtain modulated light signals in the visible, near infrared and infrared spectral ranges, and study the interference between 7s and 5d states of Rb.
Axially phase-matched parametric six-wave mixing (PSWM) has been observed in Rb vapor by two-photon excitation of the atom $(5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7s,5d)$ with $\ensuremath{\sim}150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ pulses, centered at $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\sim}769\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ and generated by a Ti:Al2O3\mathrm{Ti}:{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}Ti:Al2​O3​ laser system. For a peak laser pulse intensity of $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GW}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, PSWM is observed for Rb number densities $([\mathrm{Rb}])>2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ whereas, for $[\mathrm{Rb}]=2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, the PSWM process is detectable for pump intensities above $\ensuremath{\sim}3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GW}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Upconversion of the $1.367\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{m}$ and $1.323\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{m}$ signal waves into the visible $(\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\sim}494\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ has been accomplished by sum frequency generation in LiIO3{\mathrm{LiIO}}_{3}LiIO3​, and quantum beating in Rb at 18.3THz18.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}18.3THz $(\ensuremath{\sim}608\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ has been observed by monitoring the upconverted signal wave intensity produced in pump-probe experiments. These results broaden the scope of the wave packet detection scheme reported by Tran et al. [Opt. Lett. 23, 70 (1998)] in that a variety of coherent nonlinear optical processes $({\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)},{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(5)},\dots{})$ appear to be suitable for observing the amplitude and phase of atomic (or molecular) wave packets.
Two coupled axially phase matched parametric four-wave mixings have been achieved in Rb vapor by using broad bandwidth laser pulses. Coherent radiations at 420 nm produced by difference-frequency optical wave mixing processes were detected and a pump-probe scheme was employed to record time varying characteristics of the parametric four-wave mixing signals. Quantum beatings at 608 cm-1 and 70 cm-1 were retrieved from the time varying signals by Fourier transform. Moreover, time dependent Fourier transform was utilized to analyze the dynamics of quantum beatings. The results indicate that two wave packets associated with the two quantum beating frequency components interact strongly and the quantum beating dynamics can be controlled by adjusting Rb number density.
Two coupled parametric four-wave-mixing processes in Rb atoms are studied using perturbation theory, which reveals clear evidence of the appearance of quantum beat at 608 cm −1 , corresponding to the energy difference of the 7 s −5 d states of Rb atoms, in the parametric four-wave-mixing signals. A pump–probe technique is utilized to observe the quantum beat. Time-varying characteristics of the quantum beat are investigated using time-dependent Fourier transform. The results show that the time-varying characteristics of the quantum beat not only offers a sensitive detecting method for observing the decay of atomic wave packets, but also provides a potential tool for monitoring the dissociation of molecules.