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Journal of Shaoguan University

Modification Processes of the Theory of Hydrogen Atom

Huiqing Chen

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Based on Bohr's theory,atomic energy level and atomic spectra,the modification of the theory of hydrogen atom is introduced according to Dirac theory,Lamb shift and hyperfine structure of hydrogen atom.

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In the literature of calculating atomic and molecular structures, most Schrodinger equations are described by Coulomb potential. However, there are also a few literatures that discuss some magnetic correction methods, such as Pauli and Shortley's early work. But in fact, the calculation accuracy of these Schrodinger equations is not consistent with Lamb shift. Therefore, in the traditional ab initio calculation of quantum mechanics, it is common and necessary to use Dirac theory or quantum electrodynamics (QED) to correct the energy level of Schrodinger equation. However, the calculation of Feynman diagram is a daunting problem, including the application of self-consistent field in relativity and density functional theory. So recently, we have noticed the simplicity of the modified Newtonian mechanics, and we think that quantum mechanics will have similar properties. Here, we state this and improve the correction function in our previous action potential. In addition, through the demonstration of hydrogen-like and helium-like systems here, it can be proved that this conclusion is a potential application, that is, the energy level structure of our modified Schrodinger equation is consistent with Lamb shift.
The world should have waited until 1913, when a Danish physicist N. Bohr proposed an entirely new theory for a description and partial explanation of the spectral properties of the hydrogen atom. His theory was based on two postulates, the so-called Bohr postulates, and both of them were impossible to be understood from the point of view of classical physics. Being based on these postulates and employing classical physics, N. Bohr was able to derive explicit expressions for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom and the wavelengths of possible transitions. The hydrogen-like atom has only one electron, and all others have been removed by various ways of ionization. An essential feature of these systems is the presence of one electron only. The Coulomb interaction between this electron and the nucleus is spherically symmetrical. Later, we shall see that the situation becomes considerably more complicated in the case of multielectron atoms.
The purpose of this work is to retrace the steps that were made by scientists of XX century, like Bohr, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Pauli, Dirac, for the formulation of what today represents the modern quantum mechanics and that, within two decades, put in question the classical physics. In this context, the study of the electronic structure of hydrogen atom has been the main starting point for the formulation of the theory and, till now, remains the only real case for which the quantum equation of motion can be solved exactly. The results obtained by each theory will be discussed critically, highlighting limits and potentials that allowed the further development of the quantum theory.