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arXiv:2201.10174

The energy level structure of the modified Schrodinger equation can be consistent with Lamb shift

Yukuo Zhao, Dong, Yu-xin

Published Jan 25, 2022• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In the literature of calculating atomic and molecular structures, most Schrodinger equations are described by Coulomb potential. However, there are also a few literatures that discuss some magnetic correction methods, such as Pauli and Shortley's early work. But in fact, the calculation accuracy of these Schrodinger equations is not consistent with Lamb shift. Therefore, in the traditional ab initio calculation of quantum mechanics, it is common and necessary to use Dirac theory or quantum electrodynamics (QED) to correct the energy level of Schrodinger equation. However, the calculation of Feynman diagram is a daunting problem, including the application of self-consistent field in relativity and density functional theory. So recently, we have noticed the simplicity of the modified Newtonian mechanics, and we think that quantum mechanics will have similar properties. Here, we state this and improve the correction function in our previous action potential. In addition, through the demonstration of hydrogen-like and helium-like systems here, it can be proved that this conclusion is a potential application, that is, the energy level structure of our modified Schrodinger equation is consistent with Lamb shift.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2201.10174

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In the literature of calculating atomic and molecular structures, most Schrodinger equations are described by Coulomb potential. However, there are also a few literatures that discuss some magnetic correction methods, such as Pauli and Shortley's early work. But in fact, the calculation accuracy of these Schrodinger equations is not consistent with Lamb shift. Therefore, in the traditional ab initio calculation of quantum mechanics, it is common and necessary to use Dirac theory or quantum electrodynamics (QED) to correct the energy level of Schrodinger equation. However, the calculation of Feynman diagram is a daunting problem, including the application of self-consistent field in relativity and density functional theory. So recently, we have noticed the simplicity of the modified Newtonian mechanics, and we think that quantum mechanics will have similar properties. Here, we state this and improve the correction function in our previous action potential. In addition, through the demonstration of hydrogen-like and helium-like systems here, it can be proved that this conclusion is a potential application, that is, the energy level structure of our modified Schrodinger equation is consistent with Lamb shift.
The radiation damping terms of classical electrodynamics are introduced into a set of stochastic equations of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics to study their effects on the energy levels of a stationary system to first order in perturbation theory. In the potential case there appear correction terms to Schr\"odinger's equation, one of which is calculated by solving a subsidiary equation. In particular, we obtain for the Lamb shift an expression of essentially stochastic origin, whose structure is in complete agreement with known results. According to this calculation, which has the advantage of being devoid of divergence problems, the non-relativistic spinless contribution to the Lamb shift of the 2s2s2s level amounts of 60% of the total effect.
Introducing a dimensional unit \hbar into classical mechanics, we make classical wave functions √ρ1exp (iS1/\hbar)-√ρ2exp (iS2/\hbar) for a one-particle system in the configuration space where √ρ1exp (iS1/\hbar) corresponds to the incident path (or one half) of an orbit and √ρ2exp (iS2/\hbar) to the outgoing (or another half), and ρ's and S's are densities and actions respectively. These classical wave functions are compared with the corresponding wave functions of solutions of the Schrödinger equation for three one-particle systems, the scattering by a Coulomb potential, the linear harmonic oscillator and an electron bound by a Coulomb potential. From the essential correspondence between them it is concluded that the Schrödinger wave function describes the steady, causal but a little imaginary motion of the one-particle system as √ρexp (iS/\hbar) in the configuration space where ρ is a density and S an action, and that the states which the wave equation describes exist continuously (not discrete) and the (discrete) stationary states are the ones where √ρexp (iS/\hbar) is uniquely determined throughout an orbit. The Dirac equation shows that an electron of optics (or the electromagnetic wave equation) can be considered as the Schrödinger (or Dirac) equation for the motion of a photon, a particle, in a potential. A quantum-electrodynamical wave equation which is composed of the Dirac equation with a Coulomb potential and the electromagnetic wave equation is constructed for the steady motion of a one-electron system without recource to the so-called second-quantization method. It gives finite energy shifts. A line shift is calculated: ΔE(2S1/2 →2P1/2) \cong709 Mc/s.
This paper presents a comprehensive reformulation and extension of the Scretching–Schrödinger Equation (SSE) across three complementary quantum-mechanical formalisms. First, the SSE is developed in its wave-mechanical operator form by connecting the spectroscopically constrained Hamiltonian structure to the Tao–Hamilton operator framework and the Zhang–Svidzinsky probability-amplitude derivation of the Schrödinger equation. Second, the SSE is recast in Heisenberg matrix-mechanical form, where its constraints appear as operator and matrix equations governed by explicit spectroscopic closure conditions. Third, rigorous relativistic extensions are constructed through the Klein–Gordon–SSE and Dirac–SSE equations, including spinor structure, gauge covariance, and compatibility with standard relativistic quantum mechanics. The paper further integrates hyperfine-structure, Zeeman-effect, and Lamb-shift literature; the Andrews pure-wave-system derivation; and Kocher et al.’s nonlinear Schrödinger numerical methods to show that the SSE closure operator, V^SQC\hat{V}_{\mathrm{SQC}}V^SQC, can be expressed within every major formalism of quantum theory. New derived results include the SSE Heisenberg equation of motion, SSE density matrix, SSE path-integral action, SSE propagator, and a dimensionally correct SI optical susceptibility equation. All numerical results are triple-verified using CODATA 2022 constants and benchmarked against NIST reference standards where applicable. Hydrogen is used throughout as the zero-correction benchmark, with V^SQC(H)≈0\hat{V}_{\mathrm{SQC}}(\mathrm{H}) \approx 0V^SQC(H)≈0 confirmed by the Lyman-α\alphaα dipole comparison, giving δμ=0.027%\delta_{\mu} = 0.027\%δμ=0.027%. This establishes hydrogen as the reference case in which the ordinary Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Klein–Gordon, and Dirac descriptions remain fully consistent with the SSE spectroscopic closure, while also providing the foundation for applying SSE corrections to more complex atoms, molecules, and quantum systems.
Modified Schrodinger equation plays a fundamental role for describing the behavior of a particle at microscopic scale. In this context, we have studied the non-relativistic energy spectra of the modified quantum mechanical gravitational potential plus the harmonic oscillator (MQMGHO) potential using the generalized Bopp’s shift method and standard perturbation theory within the framework of non-commutative 3-dimensional phase space (NC: 3D-RSP) symmetries. Furthermore, we have shown that the modified Hamiltonian operator containing a perturbed Coulomb potential, which physically means the global Hamiltonian of MQMGHO potential, can be described as Hydrogenic atoms interacting with strong potential composed of quantum mechanical gravitational potential plus the harmonic oscillator (QMGHO) potential and an auxiliary part. The bound state energy eigenvalues, in terms of discreet atomic quantum numbers ( j , n, landm ), four infinitesimal parameters , , ,  induced by positionposition and phase-phase non-commutativity, in addition to the dimensional parameters of MQMGHO potential and the corresponding noncommutative Hamiltonian operator were obtained for Hydrogenic atoms. Moreover, we have shown that, the total complete degeneracy of energy
When the Dirac equation was first published in 1928, three solutions appeared immediately within the same year, each describing the most important problem in physics at that time: the hydrogen atom. These solutions lifted some of the degeneracy from earlier atomic models, but not all of it--they still predicted the same degenerate energy levels for the 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 states, for example. In this paper, we introduce a new solution of the Dirac equation, which finally removes all degeneracy from the hydrogen atom. We work in terms of dimensionless quantities and use the Lamb shift to give each atomic state in our model a unique, nondegenerate energy level. We obtain radial eigenfunctions in terms of the Laguerre polynomials, demonstrate how they can be reduced to the Schrodinger wavefunctions by applying limits, and plot our results.