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Acta Physica Sinica

THE RESPONSE OF A TRI-LEVEL ATOMIC SYSTEM TO LASER PULSES AND TWO-PHOTON TRI-LEVEL ECHO

Tianjie Chen, Sven R. Hartmann

Published Jan 1, 1985• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The response of an atomic tri-level system to laser pulses was analyzed and the condition for forming tri-level echo was obtained. This new echo has been observed experimentally and used to measure the collisional cross-section between │32D〉+│32P3/2>〉 Na and Ar.
DOI
10.7498/aps.34.1034

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 10, 1996•0 citations
We report a new Doppler-free rephasing effect, the tri-level echo, which we use to study Ar-Na collisional relaxation of several $3^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}n^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ superpositions in atomic Na. Three excitation pulses are required: The first resonantly excites a selected state, while the others resonantly couple this state with a higher-lying state. This sequence produces a delayed rephasing on the resonance transition which radiates strongly; the radiated intensity monitors relaxation in the higher-lying stepwise-excited state.
The possible three-pulse echoes in two-level systems of solids and gases are discussed with particular emphasis on backward-wave echoes. One example of the backward echoes was realized with the atomic sodium DDD line. The detection of this echo requires neither optical shutters nor magnetic field. The decay rate of the echo due to Na-Ar collisions was measured. It is shown that the effect of velocity changing collisions is negligible compared with that of phase interrupting ones.
A theory is developed for the modified tri-level photon echo formed in gaseous media. Consideration is given to the cases when echo is generated both by atoms for molecules with zero nuclear spin and by atoms with non-zero nuclear spin. In the first case, it is shown that this particular kind of photon echo can be used to measure the relaxation characteristics of the multipole moments of the optically forbidden transition. On the basis of these considerations new experiments are suggested for the observation of the relaxation characteristics mentioned above. In the second case, formulae are obtained for the calculation of pre-exponential factors describing the dependence of the quantum beats of the intensity of the modified tri-level photon echo as a function of the time intervals between the exciting pulses. Values of the pre-exponential factors need to be known in order to correctly obtain spectroscopic information about an optically forbidden transition.