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Journal of Hebei University

Effects of Temperature and Buffer Gas Pressure on Single Photon Degenerate Four-wave Mixing

Sun Jiang

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In order to study the Rydberg state of Barium atom,single photon resonant degenerate four-wave mixing(FWM)was used to measure the 6s6p1P1 energy level of Barium atom,and FWM specture signal under different experimental conditions were achieved.The results showed that the influence of temperature and laser intensity on FWM are relatively obvious but the buffer gas pressure is relatively poor.These results may serve as a useful reference in further research work on the Rydberg state of Barium atom.

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In order to study the Rydberg state of Barium atom,single photon resonant degenerate four-wave mixing(FWM)was used to measure the 6s6p1P1 energy level of Barium atom,and FWM specture signal under different experimental conditions were achieved.The results showed that the influence of temperature and laser intensity on FWM are relatively obvious but the buffer gas pressure is relatively poor.These results may serve as a useful reference in further research work on the Rydberg state of Barium atom.
The influence of molecular collisions on the production of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal in I(2) is presented. Measurements were performed on gaseous molecular iodine, I(2), contained in a glass cell in which pressure, temperature, and species concentration are easily and independently varied. Frequencydoubled outputs from a seeded Nd:YAG laser and an excimer-pumped dye laser were used as excitation sources. We have studied the dependence of signal strength versus buffer gas pressure, with pump intensity as a third parameter. It is evident from our results that, for pump intensities of less than 1 MW/cm(2), the pressure dependence of the signal follows that given by a simple two-level model in the homogeneously broadened regime. In this regime collisional deexcitation becomes significant, leading to changes in saturation intensity. This is evidenced by a reduction in the signal with an increase in buffer gas pressure. This behavior is similar to that seen in laser-induced fluorescence. At higher pump intensities, the signal is seen to increase with pressure; this behavior cannot be described by the simple two-level model.
We apply two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing with a resonant intermediate state for observing the broadening and the shifting of the barium Rydberg 6snd 1D2 series by collision with argon. The collision broadenings and the collision shifting cross sections are measured for n=1633. This technique is a purely optical means, and can achieve Doppler-free resolution of narrow spectral structures of Rydberg levels when the incident lasers have narrow bandwidths. Different from other experimental methods of studying the pressure dependence of the longitudinal relaxation rate of Rydberg states, our method is to investigate the pressure dependence of the transverse relaxation rate of the transition.
We study the satellite lines in measurement of the foreign-gas-induced broadening of the barium Rydberg levels by two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM). The NFWM spectra of the 6s2 1S0-6snd 1D2 (n=16, 22, 36) transitions at different argon pressures are measured. The plots of the center of satellite line principal quantum number and versus pressure are discussed. The contribution of satellite line to the NFWM spectral profile is analyzed. We find that the pressure-broadening rate coefficient can be corrected when the contribution of satellite line is considered.
In recent years, the collisional redistribution of radiation and collision-induced broadening of Rydberg atomic spectral lines by buffer gas perturbation have aroused the renewed interest. Rydberg atoms having a large dipole moment and long lifetime can interact with each other coherently for relatively long time, which makes them a potential candidate for quantum information processing. Besides, collisional redistribution has an important potential application in laser cooling and trapping. Based on previous experimental data, in this paper, two-nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) for studying atom collision, composed of two-photon resonant NFWM and collisional redistribution NFWM, is reported. The spectrum variation of the two-NFWM affected by the pressure, temperature, detuning and collision-broadening rate coefficient is analyzed. The principle of two-NFWM involving three incident beams is explained as follows. Consider two-NFWM in a |0-|1-|2 cascade three-level system, where states between |0 and |1 and between |1 and |2 ightangle are coupled by resonant frequencies 1 and 2 , respectively. Beam 1 with frequency 1 propagates along the direction opposite to the direction of beam 2, beams 2 and 2' have the same frequency 2, and between their directions there exists a small angle. Assuming that 1 1 and 2 2 so that 1 drives the transition from |0 to |1 while 2 drives the transition from |1 to |2, the simultaneous interactions of atoms with beams 1 and 2 will induce atomic coherence between |0 and |2 through two-photon excitation. This coherence is probed by beam 2', and as a result a two-photon resonant NFWM signal of frequency 1 is generated in the direction almost opposite to the direction of beam 2'. To avoid strong absorption at the resonant frequency of transition from |0 to |1, here the wavelength of beam1 is detuned from the exact resonance. An atom population of level |1 caused by collisional redistribution can be induced when a certain buffer gas pressure is imposed. The collisional redistribution NFWM process also exists in this case. Beam 2 drives the transition from |1 to |2 to induce an atomic coherence which is probed by beam 2' for giving rise to an atomic population grating. A collisional redistribution NFWM signal propagating along the same direction as the two-photon resonant NFWM signal is generated when beam 1 is scattered by the grating. Much information about atomic collisions can be obtained by analyzing the two NFWM signals. In a cascade three-level system composed of ground state, intermediate state and Rydberg state, and the two-NFWM can be used to investigate not only the broadening and shifting of the Rydberg level but also the collisional redistribution of the intermediate state. Unlike other experiments studying the pressure dependence of the longitudinal relaxation rate of atom states, this technique is a purely optical coherent means, and can measure the transverse relaxation rate 20 between Rydberg state and ground state as well as the pressure dependence of the transverse relaxation rate 21 between Rydberg state and intermediate state.
We apply two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing with a resonant intermediate state to the observation of the broadening and shifting of the barium Rydberg level 6s24d 1 D 2 by collision with argon. The collision broadening and shifting cross sections are measured. This technique is purely optical, and can investigate the pressure dependence of the transverse relaxation rate Γ 21 between the Rydberg state and an intermediate state, as well as the transverse relaxation rate Γ 20 between the Rydberg state and the ground state.