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Journal of Fujian Normal University

Two-dimensional Controllable Photonic Crystal Power-splitter Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Zheng Zhi-qiang

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations

Abstract

A controllable photonic crystal power-splitter is first mentioned which can regulate the splitting ratio by changing the external conditions.The plane wave expansion method(PWE) and the finite-difference time-domain method(FDTD) are employed to study the controllable features of two-dimensional columnar photonic crystal power-splitter filling with the EIT atomic vapor.It is showed that,by changing the Rabi frequency of control light,the splitting ratio of three output branches of the power-splitter can be changed to 1∶5∶0 and 1∶2∶7 when filling the vapor,compared to 1∶0∶0 when unfilling the vapor,for the TM polarized incident light at the range of the normalized frequency 0.349 9～0.350 2 ωe(where ωe=2πc/a).This photonic crystal power-splitter based on electromagnetically induced transparency reduces the difficulty of operating and the requirements of technology and has more operability and more practical value in a certain degree.

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Physical Review A•Jun 1, 2018•3 citations

A controllable photonic crystal power-splitter is first mentioned which can regulate the splitting ratio by changing the external conditions.The plane wave expansion method(PWE) and the finite-difference time-domain method(FDTD) are employed to study the controllable features of two-dimensional columnar photonic crystal power-splitter filling with the EIT atomic vapor.It is showed that,by changing the Rabi frequency of control light,the splitting ratio of three output branches of the power-splitter can be changed to 1∶5∶0 and 1∶2∶7 when filling the vapor,compared to 1∶0∶0 when unfilling the vapor,for the TM polarized incident light at the range of the normalized frequency 0.349 9～0.350 2 ωe(where ωe=2πc/a).This photonic crystal power-splitter based on electromagnetically induced transparency reduces the difficulty of operating and the requirements of technology and has more operability and more practical value in a certain degree.

Using the Transfer matrix method to reserch the one-dimensional photonic crystal bandgap structure which is made of electromagnetically induced transparency atomic vapor.The results show that the photonic crystal bandgap can be manipulated by varying the refractive index of electromagnetically induced transparency atomic vapor.The EIT atomic vapor relative refractive index gradually increasing with the Rabi frequency.With the Rabi frequency gradually increasing,the band gap of the photonic crystal becomes more and more narrow,but the change is becoming slower.

A new application of coherent manipulation of EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) medium is suggested. A two-dimensional photonic cystal with a triangle lattice of elliptic air cylinders, which are filled with the EIT atomic vapor, in the KAs backgroud material is designed. By manipulating the refractive index of the EIT vapor via the external control field, one can obtain the controllable bandgap structure that is sensitive to the variations of external conditions (e.g. the intensity of the control field). It is shown that a large complete bandgap of about 0.0503ωe in the region of high normalized frequency could be achieved by choosing the specific parameters such as the spontaneous decay rate, dephasing rate, Rabi frequency of control light, atomic number density as well as elliptic geometric parameters.

A two-dimensional photonic cystal with a rctangular lattice of elliptic air cylinders,which are filled with the EIT atomic vapor in the GaAs backgroud material,is designed.By manipulating the refractive index of the EIT vapor via the external control field,one can obtain the controllable bandgap structure that is sensitive to the variations of external conditions(e.g.the intensity of the control field).It is shown that tunable bandgap in the high region of normalized frequency could be achieved by choosing the specific parameters such as the spontaneous activity rate,dephasing rate,Rabi frequency of controllable light,atomic number density as well as elliptic geometric parameters.

A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a three-level atomic system coupled by standing wave. We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory, automatically accounting for multilayer reflections, thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.

With electromagnetically induced transmission (EIT), an optical field can be converted into collective atomic excitation and stored in the atomic medium through switching off the strong-coupling field adiabatically. By varying the power of the coupling pulse, we can control the ratio between the transmitted optical field and the stored atomic mode. We use a cloud of cold

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

atoms prepared in magneto-optical trap as the experimental platform. Based on a model of EIT dark-state polariton, we consider the real case where the atomic medium has a finite length. The theoretical calculation gives numerical results that agree well with the experimental data. The results show that the ratio can be changed approximately from 0 to 100%, when the maximum power of the coupling pulse (the pulse length is 100 ns) varies from 0 to 20 mW, in the cold atomic ensemble with an optical depth of 40. This process can be used to achieve an atom-light hybrid beam splitter with tunable splitting ratio and thus find potential application in interferometric measurement and quantum information processing.