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Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)

Influence of Actual Transmission Distance on Quantum Key Distribution System

WU Jia-na

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A long distance peer to peer quantum key distribution experimental system of polarization encoding was built based on BB84 protocol.With the help of this experimental platform,quantum key distribution experiment with 5,10,15 km three different transmission distances was completed and the main parameters of the system was collected in real time for data analysis.The experimental results show that with the increase of quantum fiber channel distance from sending end to receiving end,the system bit generation rate and the amount of key generated by the system would drop,the bit error rate of signal state and decoy state would increase within statistical time.The experimental results have theoretical and practical value for practical development of the long-range security quantum key distribution system.

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A long distance peer to peer quantum key distribution experimental system of polarization encoding was built based on BB84 protocol.With the help of this experimental platform,quantum key distribution experiment with 5,10,15 km three different transmission distances was completed and the main parameters of the system was collected in real time for data analysis.The experimental results show that with the increase of quantum fiber channel distance from sending end to receiving end,the system bit generation rate and the amount of key generated by the system would drop,the bit error rate of signal state and decoy state would increase within statistical time.The experimental results have theoretical and practical value for practical development of the long-range security quantum key distribution system.
An actual peer to peer quantum key distribution experimental system of polarization encoding was built based on BB84 protocol under pressure testing conditions.Fibre channel pressure experiment about quantum key distribution was completed.The theoretical model of quantum bit error rate was established with positive operator valued measurement method.The research results show that under the same pressure,bit error rate increased with the increase of angle,the result was as theoretical arithmetic expected;and at the same angle,the bit error rate showed a gentle shock upward trend with the increase of pressure,and when the pressure exceeded a critical value,the bit error rate increased rapidly,approaching the limit,forcing the quantum key distribution system to reestablish a connection.
To increase dramatically the distance and the secure key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD), the idea of quantum decoys--signals of different intensities--has recently been proposed. Here, we present the first experimental implementation of decoy state QKD. By making simple modifications to a commercial quantum key distribution system, we show that a secure key generation rate of 165 bit/s, which is 1/4 of the theoretical limit, can be obtained over 15 km of a telecommunication fiber. We also show that with the same experimental parameters, not even a single bit of secure key can be extracted with a non-decoy-state protocol. Compared to building single photon sources, decoy state QKD is a much simpler method for increasing the distance and key generation rate of unconditionally secure QKD.
In recent years, the feasibility of quantum key distribution (QKD) in a water channel has been verified by theory and experiment. Here, we present an experimental investigation of QKD and decoy-state QKD based on the BB84 protocol. The experiment was carried out in a 10 m water tank. The attenuation coefficient of tap water is 0.08/m, which is close to Jerlov Type II seawater. We measured the probability-of-detection matrix of polarization states, and the average fidelity of the four polarization states is up to 98.39%. For the 10 m underwater QKD experiment, 20 MHz optical pulses are generated by modulating the laser diode (LD) and attenuated to an average of 0.1 photons per pulse. The security key rate can reach 563.41 kbits/s and the quantum bit error rate (QBER) is 0.36%. Two decoy states (one of which is the vacuum state) was used in the 10 m underwater decoy-state QKD experiment, and the average QBER of signal state is 0.95%, the security key rate reaches 711.29 kbits/s. According to the parameters of the decoy-state experiment, the maximum secure transmission distance of the underwater decoy-state QKD is predicted to be 19.2 m, while it can be increased to 237.1 m in Jerlov Type I seawater with a lower dark count single photon detector (SPD).
A quantum key distribution system based on the subcarrier wave modulation method has been demonstrated which employs the BB84 protocol with a strong reference to generate secure bits at a rate of 16.5 kbit/s with an error of 0.5% over an optical channel of 10 dB loss, and 18 bits/s with an error of 0.75% over 25 dB of channel loss. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the highest channel loss reported for secure quantum key distribution using the subcarrier wave approach. A passive unidirectional scheme has been used to compensate for the polarization dependence of the phase modulators in the receiver module, which resulted in a high visibility of 98.8%. The system is thus fully insensitive to polarization fluctuations and robust to environmental changes, making the approach promising for use in optical telecommunication networks. Further improvements in secure key rate and transmission distance can be achieved by implementing the decoy states protocol or by optimizing the mean photon number used in line with experimental parameters.
We demonstrate the decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) with one-way quantum communication in polarization space over 102 km. Further, we simplify the experimental setup and use only one detector to implement the one-way decoy-state QKD over 75 km, with the advantage to overcome the security loopholes due to the efficiency mismatch of detectors. Our experimental implementation can really offer the unconditionally secure final keys. We use 3 different intensities of 0, 0.2, and 0.6 for the light sources in our experiment. In order to eliminate the influences of polarization mode dispersion in the long-distance single-mode optical fiber, an automatic polarization compensation system is utilized to implement the active compensation.
We report an implementation of decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) over 200 km optical fiber cable through photon polarization encoding. This is achieved by constructing the whole QKD system operating at 320 MHz repetition rate, and developing high-speed transmitter and receiver modules. A novel and economic way of synchronization method is designed and incorporated into the system, which allows to work at a low frequency of 40kHz and removes the use of highly precise clock. A final key rate of 15 Hz is distributed within the experimental time of 3089 seconds, by using super-conducting single photon detectors. This is longest decoy-state QKD yet demonstrated up to date. It helps to make a significant step towards practical secure communication in long-distance scope.