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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Experimental Study on Fluorescence Detection of Cold Cs Atoms Using Phase-lock Detection Technology

Jia Suo-Tang

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The phase-lock detection of cold Cs atoms' fluorescence is provided by modulating the frequency of trapping beams in a MOT. The SNR of fluorescence signal is 52 times as much as the direct detection. The relationship between SNR of fluorescence spectrum and demodulation parameters is studied. When the best experimental demodulation parameters S and T are found with S=1 mV, T=1 s, the best SNR is 204.

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The phase-lock detection of cold Cs atoms' fluorescence is provided by modulating the frequency of trapping beams in a MOT. The SNR of fluorescence signal is 52 times as much as the direct detection. The relationship between SNR of fluorescence spectrum and demodulation parameters is studied. When the best experimental demodulation parameters S and T are found with S=1 mV, T=1 s, the best SNR is 204.
Fluorescence loss spectrum for detecting cold Rydberg atoms with high sensitivity has been obtained based on lock-in detection of fluorescence of 6P3/2 state when cooling lasers of the magneto-optical trap are modulated. The experiment results show that the signal to noise ratio has been improved by 32.64 dB when the modulation depth (converted to laser frequency) and frequency are optimized to 4 MHz and 6 kHz, respectively. This technique enables us to perform a highly sensitive non-destructive detection of Rydberg atoms.
A two-color magneto-optical trap (MOT) for trapping cesium (Cs) atoms is experimentally realized. This two-color MOT employs the radiation forces due to photon scattering from the Cs 6P(3/2) F' = 5 - 8S(1/2) F" = 4 excited-state transition, which replaced one pair of the three pairs of cooling/trapping laser beams operating on a single-photon red detuning to the Cs 6S(1/2) F = 4 - 6P(3/2) F' = 5 cycling transition in a standard six-beam Cs MOT, and can cool and trap atoms on both the red-detuning and blue-detuning sides of the two-photon resonance. Employing the two-color MOT, the background-free fluorescence detection of trapped atoms has been demonstrated. This technique will be useful for observation of weak fluorescence signal radiated from single atoms in MOT.
A high resolution photoassociation spectrum of ultracold cesium atoms is reported in this paper. A photoassociation laser with its frequency red detuned below 6S1/2+6P3/2 dissociation limit acts on the cold cesium atoms in magnetic optical trap and the excited ultracold molecules generated in the photoassociation process are observed. In order to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio, the trapping laser is amplitude modulated using acousto-optic modulator and the fluorescence signal is demodulated by lock-in technique. The results are discussed using the density matrix equations.
We report here an atomic beam loaded magneto-optical trap (MOT) for metastable krypton atoms in which the fluorescence signal from the atomic beam is used to lock the cooling laser frequency. The fluorescence signal is generated by exciting the metastable krypton atomic beam using a probe laser beam (i.e. part of the cooling laser beam) intersecting the atomic beam at an angle. A spectral shift in the fluorescence signal can be achieved by varying the angle between the probe laser beam and the atomic beam to obtain the desired frequency detuning to lock the cooling laser frequency. This has been used to optimize the number of cold atoms in the MOT. The dependence of the peak height and slope of the atomic beam fluorescence (ABF) locking signal on the RF power in the discharge tube and pressure in the observation chamber of the setup has been studied to correlate its effect on the number of atoms in the MOT.
Ultracold atom photoassociation spectroscopy is significant for studying the long-range molecular potential energy structure. The signal-noise ratio of ultracold Cesium Molecule photoassociation Rovibronic Spectrum is one of the indicators as a measure of detection technology which directly affect the distinguishing ability and detection sensitivity of the spectra. We obtain an long-range ultracold cesium molecular hyperfine rovibration spectra by modulating the fluorescence spectroscopy. We find that demodulation parameters have a significant impact to the signal-noise ratio of spectra by studying the demodulation parameters such as integration time and sensitivity, which show nonlinear relation with the ratio. We achieve the optimal control of the signal-noise ratio for spectrum according to our experiment, which laid an important foundation for further studying the long-range state rovibration level of ultracold cesium molecule.
We report a method of high-sensitively detecting the weak signal in photoassociation (PA) spectra of ultracold NaCs molecules by phase sensitive-demodulated trap-loss spectra of Na atoms from a photomultiplier tube. We find that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PA spectra is strongly dependent on the integration time and the sensitivity of the lock-in amplifier, and our results show reasonable agreement with the theoretical analyses of the SNR with the demodulation parameters. Meanwhile, we investigate the effect of the interaction time of the PA laser with the colliding Na–Cs atom pairs on the SNR of the PA spectra. The atom loss rate is dependent on both the PA-induced atom loss and the loading of the MOT. The high-sensitive detection of the excited ultracold NaCs molecules lays a solid foundation for further study of the formation and application of ultracold NaCs molecules.