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Quantum Logic Gate and Its Evolving

Pan Ping

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The quantum information represents the latest development of the quantum physics and the information ages have development direction of the potential, quantum logic gate is most basic logic unit of computation quantum. The article introduces basic characteristics and method of quantum logic gate, the physics realization and experiment makes progress of quantum logic gate in quantum information technique.

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The quantum information represents the latest development of the quantum physics and the information ages have development direction of the potential, quantum logic gate is most basic logic unit of computation quantum. The article introduces basic characteristics and method of quantum logic gate, the physics realization and experiment makes progress of quantum logic gate in quantum information technique.
Quantum computing, which is the most famed topic in this era, a combination of quantum mechanics from the 1900s and the computing point of view, takes a huge place in the quantum realm. Starting from the foundation of abacus since 2700–2300 BC, we humans have always been trying to compute in different ways, and the most modern way of doing it comes with the binary system. Bit is the smallest unit of a binary system and can be in two states, either 0 or 1. On the contrary, quantum computing deals with the “quantum bit” or “qubit”; possible outcomes from the qubits are neither 0 nor 1. It will always be a combination of 0 and 1, which is based on the superposition principle from quantum physics. In this chapter, details of quantum logic gates are discussed for the circuit design perspective, which will be achievable for future realization of quantum computers. Architecture and corresponding formation of basic quantum circuits are discussed, along with the methods of quantum computing. How the technique differs from conventional approaches is also highlighted. The work may be directed toward future hardware realization of quantum information processing.
Quantum information science has extensive applications in various research fields, such as information, physics and computer science. It is well known that the quantum properties of a system exhibit many unique advantages in the security of information transmission and processing, computation, and the improvement of channel capacity. Quantum information includes several research fields, for example, quantum communication, quantum computing and so on. In the past 30 years, the development of quantum communication, quantum computing and quantum information processing has made great progress in both theory and experiments. As a fundamental resource for quantum information processing, entanglement is a key element for many applications, such as quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding, quantum secure direct communication and quantum metrology. Because of the weak interaction with the environment and the degrees of freedom, entangled photons are the excellent candidates as the quantum-information carrier. Several remarkable experiments have been performed with the photonic entanglement. However, it is necessary to share a pair of entangled photons between the communicating parties in advance in these quantum information processes. Furthermore, the application of hyperentanglement, the entanglement of photon pairs simultaneously existing in more than one degree of freedom, has been widely studied for the reason that it can improve the channel capacity of quantum communications and implement hyperparallel computing, such as the quantum error-correcting code, quantum repeater and deterministic entanglement purification. Moreover, the quantum logic gates play an essential role in quantum information processing which attracts much attention on the designing of the quantum logic gates. Depending on the coherent dynamics of the cavity quantum electrodynamical system, deterministic quantum gate operations between the quantum systems can be realized. Here in this review, by considering high-dimensional quantum systems, several high-dimensional quantum protocols are presented. They can greatly improve the capacity of quantum channel and noise immunity, which exhibits potential applications in quantum information processing. This review describes the development of quantum computing and quantum information processing using hyperentanglement. And the entangled photons in single degree of freedom and multi-degrees of freedom are used to illustrate the two-dimensional and high-dimensional quantum information processing schemes. Finally, the latest progress and further applications of quantum computing and quantum information processing are introduced.
Although classical computing has brought great convenience to mankind’s lives, classical computing is facing some problems. Combining computer science, information theory, and quantum mechanics, quantum information has been developed in many fields. Quantum gates can operate quantum bits, the carrier of quantum information, while quantum circuits are composed of quantum gates and quantum bits, showing the logic of operations. This study summarizes the fundamental concepts of quantum informatics: qubits, quantum circuits, and quantum gates where it is proved that single-bit quantum gates and CNOT gates are universal quantum gates. In addition, this research also demonstrates the current progress of quantum gates in the examination of fidelity of quantum gates, improvement of fidelity of quantum gates, and teleportation of quantum gates. Meanwhile, according to the current development status, the limits and prospects of quantum information are discussed. These results shed light on helping readers understand the basic concepts of quantum information, thus understand the future applications and developments in quantum information.
Quantum computing is an emerging field that depends upon the basic properties of quantum physics and principles of classical systems. This leads a way to develop systems to solve complex problems that a classical system cannot do. In this article, we present simple methods to implement logic circuits using quantum gates. Logic gates and circuits are defined with quantum gates using Qiskit in Python. Later, they are verified with quantum circuits created by using IBM Quantum. Moreover, we propose a way of instantiating the basic logic circuits to design high-end logic expressions. As per our knowledge, the proposed simple approach may be helpful to solve the complex logical problems in near future.