Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Jishou University

Mechanism Analysis of Atom Laser Cooling Based on Quantum Theory

Bingxin Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The laser cooling mechanisms with extended Schrodinger quantum wave equation is studied,which can describe a particle in conversative and non-conversative force field.With this theory,it is proved that the atom in laser field can be cooled,and it is predicted that the atom cooling temperature T is directly proprtional to the atom vibration frequency,which are in accordance with experiment results.

Related papers

Theory of a single-atom laser including light forces

Thomas Salzburger, P. Domokos, Helmut Ritsch

We study a single incoherently pumped atom moving within an optical high-$Q$ resonator in the strong-coupling regime. Using a semiclassical description for the atom and field dynamics, we derive a closed system of differential equations to describe this coupled atom-field dynamics. For sufficiently strong pumping, the system starts lasing when the atom gets close to a field antinode, and the associated light forces provide for self-trapping of the atom. For a cavity mode blue detuned with respect to the atomic transition frequency, this is combined with cavity-induced motional cooling, allowing for long-term steady-state operation of such a laser. The analytical results for temperature and field statistics agree well with our earlier predictions based on quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We find sub-Doppler temperatures that decrease with gain and coupling strength, and can even go beyond the limit of passive cavity cooling. Besides demonstrating the importance of light forces in single-atom lasers, this result also gives strong evidence to enhance laser cooling through stimulated emission in resonators.

arXiv:quant-ph/0504094•Physical Review A•Sep 8, 2005•14 citations

Dipole force cooling of multilevel atoms

Charles A. Sackett

A theoretical discussion of laser cooling of multilevel atomic systems using intense, blue detuned laser beams is given. A method based on matrix continued fractions is presented, which enables the efficient calculation of the semi-classical force on a multilevel system. The method is applied to a three-level system driven by one standing wave and one travelling wave. The force curves obtained exhibit strong cooling features. Cooling of the three-level system is simulated using the fully quantum mechanical Monte Carlo wave function technique. The simulation predicts efficient cooling to sub-Doppler temperatures. The three-level model is related to a multilevel cooling experiment performed on $\\sp7$Li. The experimental results are found to be in reasonable agreement with the three-level model. However, a comparison of the simulation and experiment for a two-level atomic system reveals significant discrepancies, which raises questions about the model and experiment.

•Jan 1, 1994•0 citations

Cooling atoms by means of laser radiation pressure

V. I. Balykin, Vladilen S Letokhov, Vladimir G. Minogin

The present state of research on the cooling of atomic ensembles by means of laser radiation pressure is discussed. First the basic theory of resonance radiation pressure is reviewed. The effect of recoil on the drift and fluctuations of the momentum of an atom interacting with resonance radiation is examined. There is an analysis of the forces acting on an atom in some simple light fields: a traveling plane wave, a Gaussian beam, and counterpropagating Gaussian beams. The review then focuses on the monochromatization of atoms by resonance radiation pressure and related methods for laser cooling of atoms. The roles played by the radiation pressure force and by momentum diffusion in shaping the narrow velocity distributions of the ensemble of atoms are analyzed. The lowest temperature obtainable in the radiation cooling of atoms is estimated. The basic experimental methods for laser cooling of atomic beams are described. Problems of the three-dimensional cooling of atomic ensembles and problems of localizing cold atoms in light fields, steady-state magnetic fields, and electrostatic fields are discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of some applications of cold atoms in high-precision spectroscopy, frequency standards, and atomic physics.

Soviet Physics Uspekhi•Sep 30, 1985•17 citations

Laser Cooling Mechanisms of Chromium Atomic Beam

Jing Huang, Bao Hua Zhu, Yuan Yuan Wu +1 more

A theoretical investigation of 52Cr atomic beam in optical traps was reported, the Doppler and sub-Doppler laser cooling forces were discussed and some characteristics of these forces were shown based on the semi-classical theory. The simulative results indicate that the atomic beam can be collimated by these laser cooling forces, especially by sub-Doppler laser cooling force.

Advanced materials research•Feb 1, 2011•0 citations

Mechanical force in laser cooling and trapping

Yukiko SHIMIZU, Hiroyuki Sasada

Laser cooling and trapping are based on the mechanical force an electromagnetic wave (EMW) exerts upon an atom. The force is generally explained as the result of the conservation law of the linear momentum of a photon and the atom. In contrast, we have directly derived the force from primary electromagnetism in order to clarify its origin. We regarded the atom as an electric dipole moment induced by the EMW, and examined the interaction between the dipole moment and the EMW. We applied a semiclassical theory in which the atom is quantized as a two-level system but the electromagnetic field is not; no photon is introduced. The results are consistent with the commonly accepted explanation, and explicitly demonstrate the contribution of the electric and magnetic fields to the force, in particular, the significance of the longitudinal magnetic field for the dipole force in laser trapping.

American Journal of Physics•Nov 1, 1998•25 citations

Two-photon laser-cooling mechanism in multilevel interaction schemes

Soo Chang, Taeg Yong Kwon, Ho Seong Lee +1 more

A theory of deep laser cooling of atoms by counterpropagating circular polarized laser waves in multilevel interaction schemes is developed. Using a (3+5)-level atom as an example, we show that in multilevel interaction schemes two-photon processes are responsible for creating a narrow structure near zero velocity in the ground-state atomic coherence. This structure is in turn responsible for narrow velocity structures in atomic populations and optical coherences. A Fokker-Planck-type kinetic equation is derived for a model of a (3+5)-level interaction scheme. It is found that two-photon coherent processes considerably enhance the radiation force at low velocities and the friction produced by the force at a negative detuning, and considerably decrease the diffusion coefficient. Two-photon processes in multilevel interaction schemes are identified as the basic physical mechanism responsible for deep laser cooling of atoms. The temperature of laser-cooled atoms is derived for a model (3+5)-level atom, and found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed temperature for laser-cooled cesium atoms.

Physical Review A•Oct 1, 1999•27 citations
The laser cooling mechanisms with extended Schrodinger quantum wave equation is studied,which can describe a particle in conversative and non-conversative force field.With this theory,it is proved that the atom in laser field can be cooled,and it is predicted that the atom cooling temperature T is directly proprtional to the atom vibration frequency,which are in accordance with experiment results.
We study a single incoherently pumped atom moving within an optical high-QQQ resonator in the strong-coupling regime. Using a semiclassical description for the atom and field dynamics, we derive a closed system of differential equations to describe this coupled atom-field dynamics. For sufficiently strong pumping, the system starts lasing when the atom gets close to a field antinode, and the associated light forces provide for self-trapping of the atom. For a cavity mode blue detuned with respect to the atomic transition frequency, this is combined with cavity-induced motional cooling, allowing for long-term steady-state operation of such a laser. The analytical results for temperature and field statistics agree well with our earlier predictions based on quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We find sub-Doppler temperatures that decrease with gain and coupling strength, and can even go beyond the limit of passive cavity cooling. Besides demonstrating the importance of light forces in single-atom lasers, this result also gives strong evidence to enhance laser cooling through stimulated emission in resonators.
A theoretical discussion of laser cooling of multilevel atomic systems using intense, blue detuned laser beams is given. A method based on matrix continued fractions is presented, which enables the efficient calculation of the semi-classical force on a multilevel system. The method is applied to a three-level system driven by one standing wave and one travelling wave. The force curves obtained exhibit strong cooling features. Cooling of the three-level system is simulated using the fully quantum mechanical Monte Carlo wave function technique. The simulation predicts efficient cooling to sub-Doppler temperatures. The three-level model is related to a multilevel cooling experiment performed on sp7\\sp7sp7Li. The experimental results are found to be in reasonable agreement with the three-level model. However, a comparison of the simulation and experiment for a two-level atomic system reveals significant discrepancies, which raises questions about the model and experiment.
The present state of research on the cooling of atomic ensembles by means of laser radiation pressure is discussed. First the basic theory of resonance radiation pressure is reviewed. The effect of recoil on the drift and fluctuations of the momentum of an atom interacting with resonance radiation is examined. There is an analysis of the forces acting on an atom in some simple light fields: a traveling plane wave, a Gaussian beam, and counterpropagating Gaussian beams. The review then focuses on the monochromatization of atoms by resonance radiation pressure and related methods for laser cooling of atoms. The roles played by the radiation pressure force and by momentum diffusion in shaping the narrow velocity distributions of the ensemble of atoms are analyzed. The lowest temperature obtainable in the radiation cooling of atoms is estimated. The basic experimental methods for laser cooling of atomic beams are described. Problems of the three-dimensional cooling of atomic ensembles and problems of localizing cold atoms in light fields, steady-state magnetic fields, and electrostatic fields are discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of some applications of cold atoms in high-precision spectroscopy, frequency standards, and atomic physics.
Laser cooling and trapping are based on the mechanical force an electromagnetic wave (EMW) exerts upon an atom. The force is generally explained as the result of the conservation law of the linear momentum of a photon and the atom. In contrast, we have directly derived the force from primary electromagnetism in order to clarify its origin. We regarded the atom as an electric dipole moment induced by the EMW, and examined the interaction between the dipole moment and the EMW. We applied a semiclassical theory in which the atom is quantized as a two-level system but the electromagnetic field is not; no photon is introduced. The results are consistent with the commonly accepted explanation, and explicitly demonstrate the contribution of the electric and magnetic fields to the force, in particular, the significance of the longitudinal magnetic field for the dipole force in laser trapping.
A theory of deep laser cooling of atoms by counterpropagating circular polarized laser waves in multilevel interaction schemes is developed. Using a (3+5)-level atom as an example, we show that in multilevel interaction schemes two-photon processes are responsible for creating a narrow structure near zero velocity in the ground-state atomic coherence. This structure is in turn responsible for narrow velocity structures in atomic populations and optical coherences. A Fokker-Planck-type kinetic equation is derived for a model of a (3+5)-level interaction scheme. It is found that two-photon coherent processes considerably enhance the radiation force at low velocities and the friction produced by the force at a negative detuning, and considerably decrease the diffusion coefficient. Two-photon processes in multilevel interaction schemes are identified as the basic physical mechanism responsible for deep laser cooling of atoms. The temperature of laser-cooled atoms is derived for a model (3+5)-level atom, and found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed temperature for laser-cooled cesium atoms.