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Journal of Liaoning University of Petroleum & Chemical Technology

Trapped Atom-Field State for an Atom Driven by Coherent Field in a Photonic Crystal

Jiao Zhi-wei

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The forbidden band in a photonic crystal leads to the existence of trapped atom-field state whose properties depend on the followings: the number of atoms embedded in a photonic crystal,the energy level structure of atom,the relative position between the level and the edge of band gap and the existence of driving field.By using the method of searching for the eigenstate of the trapped state,that the trapped atom-field state for a three-level atom with driving field in a photonic crystal exists due to the interference between atom and field, was discussed. That the trapped states and the population in various levels can be influenced by the strength and the Rabi frequency of the driving field was proved. That more than one trapped state exist and they depend on the position of the upper level also were proved. Analysis show that there is only one eigenstate when the upper energy level locates outside the band gap, and atom hardly stays in upper energy level; there are two eigenstates when the upper energy level locates in the band gap, but the properties of the two are quite different each to other. The distribution of particle number on every energy level varies obviously as the driving field parameter varies.

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The forbidden band in a photonic crystal leads to the existence of trapped atom-field state whose properties depend on the followings: the number of atoms embedded in a photonic crystal,the energy level structure of atom,the relative position between the level and the edge of band gap and the existence of driving field.By using the method of searching for the eigenstate of the trapped state,that the trapped atom-field state for a three-level atom with driving field in a photonic crystal exists due to the interference between atom and field, was discussed. That the trapped states and the population in various levels can be influenced by the strength and the Rabi frequency of the driving field was proved. That more than one trapped state exist and they depend on the position of the upper level also were proved. Analysis show that there is only one eigenstate when the upper energy level locates outside the band gap, and atom hardly stays in upper energy level; there are two eigenstates when the upper energy level locates in the band gap, but the properties of the two are quite different each to other. The distribution of particle number on every energy level varies obviously as the driving field parameter varies.
We investigate spontaneous emission and quantum interference effects involving a three-level atom in the vicinity of a photonic band edge beyond the weak-driving-field approximation. We consider two different three-level atoms, each subject to a probe field from the ground state and each embedded within a different photonic crystal (PhC). The first atom has the two excited states separated by a dipole transition in the optical frequency range, with this frequency being close to the surrounding PhC's band edge. The probe field couples the ground state and the highest excited state, and is well outside the PhC band gap. If a coupling field is applied between the two upper levels, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) may occur, depending on the position of the band edge. The second atom has the two upper levels each dipole-coupled to the ground state and close enough that the emissions from each can coherently interfere. This atom is embedded within a PhC whose band edge lies near the lower of the two excited states, and a probe field is applied that lies just beyond this band edge. This atom exhibits a quantum interference phenomenon related to EIT called field-induced transparency, again depending on the position of the band edge relative to the lower excited state.
We have studied the spontaneous emission from a three-level atom with an external-driving field in a photonic crystal. As a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the population in the two upper levels displays quasi-oscillatory or oscillatory behavior. This depends on the initial atomic state and the relative positions of the two upper levels from the forbidden gap. The intensity and the phase of the external field can affect spontaneous emission from the atom. The properties are different from a three-level atom either in vacuum or in a photonic crystal without an external driving field.
An excited atom in a photonic band-gap crystal can emit a photon that is then reabsorbed and reemitted by the atom, to form a dressed atom-field state. We discuss the existence conditions for such a trapped photon dressed state with a general multilevel atom driven by coherent fields and show that more than one such trapped state can exist. The field characteristics of the trapped field and the population trapped in the excited state are studied for various atomic systems. It is found that the driving field can determine the spread and energy of the trapped field, as well as the number of possible trapped dressed states.
We investigate spontaneous emission from a two-level atom embedded in photonic crystals. Due to the photon localization and the quantum interference between the two dressed states, some changes of the radiation field happen, and the energy is transferred among the excited atom, the localized field, the propagating field and the diffusion field. If there is a localized field, it appears quasi-oscillation behaves of the population evolution in the excited level. If there isn't a localized field, it appears no quasi-oscillation. Moreover, there have some steady-state trapped atom populations in the excited level, and the spontaneous emission spectrum near the forbidden gap edge is different from that in the vacuum. All these characteristics depend not only on the relative position of the excited level from the band-edge but also on the photon density of states (or the band-edge smoothing parameter) near the band edge.
We investigate spontaneous emission and quantum interference effects involving a three-level atom in the vicinity of a photonic band edge beyond the weak-driving-field approximation. We consider two different three-level atoms, each subject to a probe field from the ground state and each embedded within a different photonic crystal (PhC). The first atom has the two excited states separated by a dipole transition in the optical frequency range, with this frequency being close to the surrounding PhC's band edge. The probe field couples the ground state and the highest excited state, and is well outside the PhC band gap. If a coupling field is applied between the two upper levels, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) may occur, depending on the position of the band edge. The second atom has the two upper levels each dipole-coupled to the ground state and close enough that the emissions from each can coherently interfere. This atom is embedded within a PhC whose band edge lies near the lower of the two excited states, and a probe field is applied that lies just beyond this band edge. This atom exhibits a quantum interference phenomenon related to EIT called field-induced transparency, again depending on the position of themore » band edge relative to the lower excited state.« less