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Journal of Guizhou University

Quantum Key Swapping Scheme and Authentication based on Teleportation

Luo Hui

Published Jan 1, 2012• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum key exchange and authentication is the core content of quantum secure communication,fully using quantum resources can effectively increase the confidentiality of communication.A quantum key swapping and authentication synchronous scheme based on principles of quantum entanglement swapping and teleportation and design principles of security protocols was proposed.This scheme is ingeniously designed,which makes full use of characters of quantum teleportation and quantum entanglement,enhances the security of communications,avoids the quantum eavesdropping,reduces the amplification of the density and avoids the classic channel's security threat.

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Quantum key exchange and authentication is the core content of quantum secure communication,fully using quantum resources can effectively increase the confidentiality of communication.A quantum key swapping and authentication synchronous scheme based on principles of quantum entanglement swapping and teleportation and design principles of security protocols was proposed.This scheme is ingeniously designed,which makes full use of characters of quantum teleportation and quantum entanglement,enhances the security of communications,avoids the quantum eavesdropping,reduces the amplification of the density and avoids the classic channel's security threat.
This paper proposes a novel communication protocol design leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. The core claim is to enhance communication security, rate, and reliability by utilizing these quantum phenomena. The protocol is based on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, employing entangled particles to securely share cryptographic keys. Furthermore, it incorporates aspects of quantum teleportation to facilitate information transfer. The proposed system fundamentally departs from traditional communication protocols which are vulnerable to eavesdropping, offering a significantly higher level of security due to the inherent properties of quantum mechanics. This design addresses the limitations of classical communication methods and presents a pathway toward truly secure and high-performance communication systems. The key components of this protocol are detailed, including the entanglement generation and distribution, the key exchange process, and the information teleportation scheme. The mathematical framework underpinning these processes is presented, focusing on the core concepts of quantum information theory. ---
A cross-center quantum identity authenticatin scheme was proposed.Which was based on teleportation and quantum entanglement swapping in quantum optics.In a distributed network,the proposed scheme was realized by transmitting information in quantum channel using shared EPR pairs and exchanging necessary information in classical channel at the same time.The security of this scheme,which is guaranteed by quantum mechanism,is unconditional as the EPR quantum key distribution protocol.Compare with previous schemes,the proposed scheme overcomes some disadvantages of those simple point-to-point quantum identity authentication scheme.Because of the characteristic of cross-center extending the authentication range,the proposed scheme is more flexible and practical.
In order to distribute a secret key between two designated users, a mutually authenticated quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange, the two communication parts can securely share a session key in this protocol. Almost all qubits, except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel, can produce the private key, and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring dilation theorem, and the efficiency analysis is presented.
Controlled quantum teleportation (CQT) is to realise communication between a sender Alice and a receiver Bob to cooperate with a controller Charlie. It can send any quantum state α|0〉 + β|1〉 successfully by this quantum communication system. However, its drawback is that Alice can not confirm Charlie’s and Bob’s identities. In this paper, we design two identity authentication schemes IA_C and IA_B based on entanglement swapping to make identification confirmation for Charlie and Bob, and use decoy states to check outside eavesdropping. Alice confirms the identity of Charlie by using two Bell states entanglement swapping. Moreover, the identity confirmation of Bob by Alice with the help of Charlie is to use three Bell states entanglement swapping. The scheme can effectively prevent forgery identity attack to ensure the security of quantum teleportation. We also propose an improved controlled quantum teleportation (ICQT) scheme with decoy states to ensure the security of quantum channel.
In this paper, an authenticated deterministic secure quantum communication protocol based on entanglement swapping is presented. The users' identity will be authenticated, and only legitimate users can anticipate the communication even though there are no quantum communication channels between them. The authentication center acts as the server of modern application system, and the users is like those clients linked with the server, then the users communicate with each other through the authentication center. The security of our protocol is analyzed to be secure against the eavesdropping attacks and the impersonation attack.
The emergence of sixth-generation (6G) networks presents a promising paradigm aimed at meeting stringent quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, thereby paving the way for modern applications such as the metaverse. In contrast, the advent of quantum computers poses a significant threat to the security of such networks. However, the quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum communication can be achieved through the utilization of quantum entanglement. Through the exchange of entangled pairs between two entities, quantum communication becomes feasible, enabled by the process of quantum teleportation. Given the lossy nature of the channels and the exponential decoherence of the transmitted photons, a set of intermediate nodes can serve as quantum repeaters to perform entanglement swapping and directly entangle two distant nodes. Such quantum repeaters may be malicious and by setting up malicious entanglements, intermediate nodes can jeopardize the confidentiality of the quantum information exchanged between the two communication nodes. Hence, this paper proposes a quantum identity authentication protocol that protects quantum networks from malicious entanglements. Unlike the existing protocols, the proposed quantum authentication protocol does not require periodic refreshments of the shared secret keys. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can detect malicious entanglements with a 100% probability after an average of 4 authentication rounds. Moreover, the average number of authentication rounds required to detect an attack is reduced by 69% and 76.5% compared with benchmark protocols. Index Terms—Quantum identity authentication, quantum communications, malicious entanglement, quantum security, quantum Internet, 6G.