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现代传播：中国传媒大学学报

Advances in Wave Mechanics Research

Zhiqiang Huang

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper get a general survey of advances in Wave Mechanics.The development of Wave Mechanics goes back to ancient times.The principle of least action is the source of Wave Mechanics,so it is the mother of several principles.Erwin Schrdinger was the greatest contribution scientist of Wave Mechanics,secondary was Louis de Broglie.The Schrdinger equation not only can treat the movement of microscopic particles,but also can analysed some of the macroscopic scientific problems.There's no time for Schrdinger to study the non-linear Schrdinger equation(NLS),but de Broglie devoted oneself to the study of nonlinear Wave Mechanics,and established contact with the solitary waves.At present,the most research works involve the nonlinear differential equations in mathematics,but ignore the physical meaning.In the sciences of waves,the study of electro-magnetic waves are important field,many problems demand clarification.From the Wave Mechanics point of view,we must integrate the classic electro-magnetic wave equation with the Quantum Mechanics wave eqution,the isolated discussion age of classic fields and waves was extremely early ended.

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This paper get a general survey of advances in Wave Mechanics.The development of Wave Mechanics goes back to ancient times.The principle of least action is the source of Wave Mechanics,so it is the mother of several principles.Erwin Schrdinger was the greatest contribution scientist of Wave Mechanics,secondary was Louis de Broglie.The Schrdinger equation not only can treat the movement of microscopic particles,but also can analysed some of the macroscopic scientific problems.There's no time for Schrdinger to study the non-linear Schrdinger equation(NLS),but de Broglie devoted oneself to the study of nonlinear Wave Mechanics,and established contact with the solitary waves.At present,the most research works involve the nonlinear differential equations in mathematics,but ignore the physical meaning.In the sciences of waves,the study of electro-magnetic waves are important field,many problems demand clarification.From the Wave Mechanics point of view,we must integrate the classic electro-magnetic wave equation with the Quantum Mechanics wave eqution,the isolated discussion age of classic fields and waves was extremely early ended.
During 1925 three different but equivalent versions of quantum theory were proposed, Schrodinger proposed wave mechanics; Heisenberg developed matrix mechanics and Dirac-introduced operator theory. Considering the de Broglie's matter waves Erwin Schrödinger, an Austrian physicist, argued that if a particle like an electron behaves as a wave then the equation of wave motion could be successfully applied to it. He postulated a function varying in both space and time in a wave-like manner. Schrodinger set up a linear and time-dependent wave-like equation, called Schrodinger wave equation, to describe the wave aspect of a particle taking account of de Broglie's relation for wavelength. This chapter discusses the Schrodinger equation and explores the general properties of the solution of the Schrodinger equation. It verifies the Ehrenfest's theorem in certain interesting systems and solves equation for linear harmonic oscillator and shows that their solutions are identical to the solutions of classical equation of motion.
In 1923, in three articles published in the Comptes Rendus of the Académie des Sciences , Louis de Broglie proposed the concept of wave–particle duality. Physicists from many countries seized upon this idea. In particular, Schrödinger developed de Broglie's qualitative idea by writing down the equation that the wave must satisfy in the non-relativistic approximation. A relativistic version of this equation was proposed in 1926 by several scientists, and other ones found a solution to the Schrödinger equation as an expansion in powers of the Planck constant.
In his extremely important paper [1] E. Schro¨dinger proposed a wave equation which is the basic equation of the “undulatorical” mechanics and can be considered as a substitution to the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations (HJ) of the ordinary (classical) mechanics. The wave equation was established on condition that the Lagrange function contains no terms linear in velocities. Schro¨dinger writes (footnote on p. 514 l.c.): “In relativistic mechanics and in the case of a magnetic field the expression of the (HJ) is more complicated. In the case of a single electron this equation means the constancy of the four-dimensional gradient diminished by a given vector (the four-dimensional potential). The wave mechanical translation of this Ansatz meets some difficulties.”
This chapter examines the wave properties of matter. Early attempts to extend the quantum ideas to the theory of matter had some limited success, but did not progress very far. Another radical idea was required before a satisfactory theory could be developed. As light has both wave and particle properties, perhaps the same is true of 'ordinary' particles such as electrons. This bold suggestion was made by Louis de Broglie in 1923, and within a few years it had been confirmed experimentally. De Broglie's wave hypothesis formed the basis for Schrödinger's equation, which was found capable of predicting the allowed energy levels in atoms and molecules, and must be regarded as one of the most important mathematical equations of modern science. Before discussing these ideas, the chapter begins by considering the classical mechanics of particles, reviewing some simple concepts that form an essential background to the quantum theory of matter.
Copenhagen physicists said; The electronics that we use today-radio, televisions, computers, lasers, MRI machines GPS-communications- depend on calculations using Schrodinger’s equation plus a lot of other Mathematics and Measurements, our idea of “shut up and calculate” has worked very well for us technologically. My comment’s these technological achievements do not justify that the equation itself as (I will try show) has any true scientific basis. In 1925, Erwin Schrodinger wrote excitingly to Einstein. “I have been intensely concerned these days with Louis de Broglie’s theory [1]. It is extraordinary, exciting, but still has some very grave difficulties”. So regardless of you are consider Schrodinger’s equation is a fundamental equation (has no derivation from simples forms) or derived one, you cannot deny first that Schrodinger’s equation is a wave equation and second it is shows how (de Broglie hypothesis of) matter wave change with time. i.e. Schrodinger equation describe the evaluation of the physical system in which the quantum effects, the “Wave-particle” duality are significant.
Newtonian mechanics is the foundation of Classical Physics. Newton’s mechanics, Thermodynamics, Wave theory of Optics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory belong to regime of Classical Physics and can be used to explain a wide range of phenomena in the Universe at macroscopic scale. These theories fail spectacularly when applied to phenomenain the atomic and nuclear regime, for example, proton-atom scattering or the flow of electrons in a semiconductor. Quantum mechanics is the most successful scientific theory that has ever been created and it has completely changed our view of the world. The failure of Classical Physics was highlighted by black body radiation and photoelectric effect. Max Planck and Albert Einstein provided explanations of both phenomena based on quantum hypothesis and are thus considered founders of Quantum Physics. The origin of quantum mechanics goes back to the mid-1920s.It was formulated first as matrix mechanics by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and Pascual Jordan; then as wave mechanics by Louis de Broglie and Erwin Schrödinger; and later on asquantum statistics of subatomic particles by Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein. Combining relativistic mechanics with quantum mechanics, Dirac formulated his relativistic quantum mechanics during 1930s. Uncertainty Principle is thecornerstone of Quantum Physics. The role of randomness in microscopic physical processes shatters the myth that the universe is deterministic. Quantum world is unpredictable in the classical sense and demolishes the idea of an objective universe. The Copenhagen interpretation remains the quantum mechanical formalism that is currently most widely accepted amongst physicists.Quantum theories support cosmic spirit pervading the cosmos and inter – relationship of individuals in the world society. Quantum philosophy is holistic and is going to revolutionize our world-view.