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Dalian Ligong Daxue xuebao

Information signature protocols using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs

Zhang Peng-yun

Published Jan 1, 2007• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Two quantum digital signature schemes using the entanglement character of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) pairs were researched,and a protocol based on comparing the measurement result and the other protocol based on teleportation were proposed.In the first protocol,the communicators measured their EPR and compared the measurement results with the message M to implement signature and verification,in the meantime using quantum one-way function to guarantee its security.In the second protocol,the sender sent M to the receiver via quantum teleportation to implement signature and verification,whose security was guaranteed by the physical characteristics of quantum teleportation.These two protocols did not need a third party who was worthy of being trusted,neither need any keys in the communication process.Furthermore,they had unconditional security.

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Two quantum digital signature schemes using the entanglement character of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) pairs were researched,and a protocol based on comparing the measurement result and the other protocol based on teleportation were proposed.In the first protocol,the communicators measured their EPR and compared the measurement results with the message M to implement signature and verification,in the meantime using quantum one-way function to guarantee its security.In the second protocol,the sender sent M to the receiver via quantum teleportation to implement signature and verification,whose security was guaranteed by the physical characteristics of quantum teleportation.These two protocols did not need a third party who was worthy of being trusted,neither need any keys in the communication process.Furthermore,they had unconditional security.
Two avowable quantum communication schemes are proposed. One is an avowable teleportation protocol based on the quantum cryptography. In this protocol one teleports a set of one-particle states based on the availability of an honest arbitrator, the keys and the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs shared by the communication parties and the arbitrator. The key point is that the fact of the teleportation can neither be disavowed by the sender nor be denied by the receiver. Another is an avowable quantum secure direct communication scheme. A one-way Hash function chosen by the communication parties helps the receiver to validate the truth of the information and to avoid disavowing for the sender.
Abstract We present a new semi-quantum signature protocol which is suitable for participant without quantum capabilities to communicate securely. In addition, the application of EPR steering is first extended to the field of quantum digital signature in our protocol. On the one hand, in order to avoid attacks by attackers, our protocol allows one participant to determine the identity of the other, if the steering conditions for EPR steering are satisfied. On the other hand, original message can be transmitted between participants via EPR steering. Moreover, our scheme is simple to implement and more efficient. The security analysis shows that our protocol can avoid the attack of deny, forgery and entangle-measure.
Most of the quantum secure direct communication protocols need a pre-established secure quantum channel. Only after ensuring the security of quantum channel can the sender encode the secret message and send it to the receiver through the secure channel. In this paper, we present a quantum secure direct communication protocol using Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs and teleportation. It is unnecessary for the present protocol to ensure the security of the quantum channel before transmitting the secret message. In the present protocol, all Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs are used to transmit the secret message except those chosen for eavesdropping check. We also discuss the security of our protocol under several eavesdropping attacks.
A protocol for quantum secure direct communication using blocks of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is proposed. A set of ordered N EPR pairs is used as a data block for sending secret message directly. The ordered N EPR set is divided into two particle sequences, a checking sequence and a message-coding sequence. After transmitting the checking sequence, the two parties of communication check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen, with random choice of two sets of measuring bases. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret message directly on the message-coding sequence and sends them to Bob. By combining the checking and message-coding sequences together, Bob is able to read out the encoded messages directly. The scheme is secure because an eavesdropper cannot get both sequences simultaneously. We also discuss issues in a noisy channel.
A novel scheme for secure communication network with the two-step for three parties is proposed. The communication is based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs (EPR pairs) and teleportation between P1, P2and P3. After insuring the security of the quantum channel through Hadamard (H) gate operations and Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate operations on them, one sequence sent to P3from P1. P3makes Bell-basis measurement to read their coding operations. We also prove that it is unconditionally secure. This scheme is feasible with present-day techniques. The feature of this scheme is that the communication between two parties depends on the agreement of the third party.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.