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Network and Parallel Computing

Quantum Secure Communication Network on EPR States

Shumei Wang, Hongyang Ma

Published Oct 1, 2008• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel scheme for secure communication network with the two-step for three parties is proposed. The communication is based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs (EPR pairs) and teleportation between P1, P2and P3. After insuring the security of the quantum channel through Hadamard (H) gate operations and Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate operations on them, one sequence sent to P3from P1. P3makes Bell-basis measurement to read their coding operations. We also prove that it is unconditionally secure. This scheme is feasible with present-day techniques. The feature of this scheme is that the communication between two parties depends on the agreement of the third party.

DOI
10.1109/npc.2008.43

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A novel scheme for secure communication network with the two-step for three parties is proposed. The communication is based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs (EPR pairs) and teleportation between P1, P2and P3. After insuring the security of the quantum channel through Hadamard (H) gate operations and Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate operations on them, one sequence sent to P3from P1. P3makes Bell-basis measurement to read their coding operations. We also prove that it is unconditionally secure. This scheme is feasible with present-day techniques. The feature of this scheme is that the communication between two parties depends on the agreement of the third party.
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A protocol for quantum secure direct communication using blocks of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is proposed. A set of ordered N EPR pairs is used as a data block for sending secret message directly. The ordered N EPR set is divided into two particle sequences, a checking sequence and a message-coding sequence. After transmitting the checking sequence, the two parties of communication check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen, with random choice of two sets of measuring bases. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret message directly on the message-coding sequence and sends them to Bob. By combining the checking and message-coding sequences together, Bob is able to read out the encoded messages directly. The scheme is secure because an eavesdropper cannot get both sequences simultaneously. We also discuss issues in a noisy channel.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particle sequences according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
An efficient quantum secure direct communication network protocol with the two-step scheme is proposed by using the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair block as the quantum information carrier. The server, say Alice, prepares and measures the EPR pairs in the quantum communication and the users perform the four local unitary operations to encode their message. Anyone of the legitimate users can communicate another one on the network securely. Since almost all of the instances in this scheme are useful and each EPR pair can carry two bits of information, the efficiency for qubits and the source capacity both approach the maximal values.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
A novel deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) scheme is presented based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs and single photons in this study. In this scheme, the secret message can be encoded directly on the first particles of the prepared Bell states by simple unitary operations and decoded by performing the Bell-basis measurement after the additional classic information is exchanged. In addition, the strategy with two-step transmission of quantum data blocks and the technique of decoy-particle checking both are exploited to guarantee the security of the communication. Compared with some previous DSQC schemes, this scheme not only has a higher resource capacity, intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency, but also is more realizable in practical applications. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is unconditionally secure against various attacks over an ideal quantum channel and still conditionally robust over a noisy and lossy quantum channel.