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Chinese Physics C

TOPOLOGICAL ACTION RELATING TO BERRY'S PHASE AND NON-ADIABATIC EFFECTS

Chen Sun

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In non-adiabatic cases the topological action associated with Berry's phase and the corresponding effective Hamiltonian are obtained by path-integral method. We also give the non-adiabatic transition probability amplitude in the first-order approximation. It is thereby shown that the Berry's phase and the induced gauge structure have universality of existence. As an example, dynamics of induced monople relating to the Bitter-Dubber's experiment is analysed in terms of induced gauge field.

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arXiv:quant-ph/0411006•Modern Physics Letters A•Feb 20, 2005•19 citations
In non-adiabatic cases the topological action associated with Berry's phase and the corresponding effective Hamiltonian are obtained by path-integral method. We also give the non-adiabatic transition probability amplitude in the first-order approximation. It is thereby shown that the Berry's phase and the induced gauge structure have universality of existence. As an example, dynamics of induced monople relating to the Bitter-Dubber's experiment is analysed in terms of induced gauge field.
The induced topological action relevant to the non-Abelian Berry's phase factor (NABPF) is derived by combining the high-order adiabatic approximation (HOAA) method with Kuratsuji and Iida's adiabatic path integral formulation. The non-adiabatic corrections for the transition amplitude are thereby obtained and the corresponding graphic representations are defined for convenience in the calculation. The gauge invariant properties and the dynamical implications of the non-Abelian induced topological action are also analyzed in detail. Finally, some explicit calculations for a model of physics are carried out as examples.
By extending the Born-Oppenheimer approximation improved by Wilczek et al. to deal with separation of the spin and space coordinates of a particle in an external field, we generally discuss the direct effects of an induced gauge field and the higher-order corrections to the problem. It is shown that Bitter and Dubbers's experiment about Berry's phase is directly explained as an effect of the induced gauge potential in terms of the first-order approximation in this paper. The higher-order effects appearing in this experiment are also pointed out when the adiabatic conditions are broken.
Geometrical concepts have played an important role in quantum mechanics. In the Schrodinger representation, the Berry–Simon connection and the quantum geometric tensor appear as gauge potentials in the effective Hamiltonian for a heavy system under the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. On the other hand, the Berry phase should arise as the amplitude of each path in the pathintegral formalism. In their pioneering work, Kuratsuji and Iida have developed the treatment of the Born– Oppenheimer approximation in the path integral quantization, where the Berry phase of the light system naturally appears in the effective action for the heavy system. However, they did not derive the gauge potentials themselves in the effective Hamiltonian. In this short note, we show that the gauge potentials which relate to the geometry of the Hilbert space of the light system are also derived in the adiabatic scheme of path integrals. Our result presents the path-integral formalism to consider the effective dynamics of the heavy system under the adiabatic approximation. Let us consider the following Hamiltonian:
The level crossing problem is neatly formulated by the second quantized formulation, which exhibits a hidden local gauge symmetry. The analysis of geometric phases is reduced to a simple diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. If one diagonalizes the geometric terms in the infinitesimal neighborhood of level crossing, the geometric phases become trivial (and thus no monopole singularity) for arbitrarily large but finite time interval TTT. The topological proof of the Longuet-Higgins' phase-change rule, for example, thus fails in the practical Born-Oppenheimer approximation where TTT is identified with the period of the slower system. The crucial difference between the Aharonov-Bohm phase and the geometric phase is explained. It is also noted that the gauge symmetries involved in the adiabatic and non-adiabatic geometric phases are quite different.
By using a second quantized formulation of level crossing, which does not assume adiabatic approximation, a convenient formula for geometric terms including off-diagonal terms is derived. The analysis of geometric phases is reduced to a simple diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the present formulation. If one diagonalizes the geometric terms in the infinitesimal neighborhood of level crossing, the geometric phases become trivial for any finite time interval T. The topological interpretation of Berry's phase such as the topological proof of phase-change rule thus fails in the practical Born–Oppenheimer approximation, where a large but finite ratio of two time scales is involved.