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Progress of Theoretical Physics

Effective Action for Adiabatic Process: Dynamical Meaning of Berry and Simon's Phase

Hiroshi Kuratsuji, Shinji Iida

Published Sep 1, 1985• 157 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By applying the path integral method to two interacting systems, it is shown that the specific phase Γ appearing in the quantum adiabatic process recently found by Berry and Simon is obtained as an additive action to the conventional dynamical action function. This scheme naturally gives a dynamical meaning to Berry and Simon’s topological phase, which leads to a novel form of semiclassical quantization rule including the phase Γ.

DOI
10.1143/ptp.74.439

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•Jan 1, 1996•4 citations
By applying the path integral method to two interacting systems, it is shown that the specific phase Γ appearing in the quantum adiabatic process recently found by Berry and Simon is obtained as an additive action to the conventional dynamical action function. This scheme naturally gives a dynamical meaning to Berry and Simon’s topological phase, which leads to a novel form of semiclassical quantization rule including the phase Γ.
A dynamical meaning is given for the phase $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ recently found in a quantum adiabatic process. A noncanonical system, specifically a spin system coupled with a proper intrinsic system, is considered by use of a path integral in a SU (2) coherent-state representation. It is shown that $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ appears as an addition of topological nature to the conventional action function, which leads to a novel form of the semiclassical quantization rule including the phase $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$.
Geometrical concepts have played an important role in quantum mechanics. In the Schrodinger representation, the Berry–Simon connection and the quantum geometric tensor appear as gauge potentials in the effective Hamiltonian for a heavy system under the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. On the other hand, the Berry phase should arise as the amplitude of each path in the pathintegral formalism. In their pioneering work, Kuratsuji and Iida have developed the treatment of the Born– Oppenheimer approximation in the path integral quantization, where the Berry phase of the light system naturally appears in the effective action for the heavy system. However, they did not derive the gauge potentials themselves in the effective Hamiltonian. In this short note, we show that the gauge potentials which relate to the geometry of the Hilbert space of the light system are also derived in the adiabatic scheme of path integrals. Our result presents the path-integral formalism to consider the effective dynamics of the heavy system under the adiabatic approximation. Let us consider the following Hamiltonian:
In non-adiabatic cases the topological action associated with Berry's phase and the corresponding effective Hamiltonian are obtained by path-integral method. We also give the non-adiabatic transition probability amplitude in the first-order approximation. It is thereby shown that the Berry's phase and the induced gauge structure have universality of existence. As an example, dynamics of induced monople relating to the Bitter-Dubber's experiment is analysed in terms of induced gauge field.
The induced topological action relevant to the non-Abelian Berry's phase factor (NABPF) is derived by combining the high-order adiabatic approximation (HOAA) method with Kuratsuji and Iida's adiabatic path integral formulation. The non-adiabatic corrections for the transition amplitude are thereby obtained and the corresponding graphic representations are defined for convenience in the calculation. The gauge invariant properties and the dynamical implications of the non-Abelian induced topological action are also analyzed in detail. Finally, some explicit calculations for a model of physics are carried out as examples.
An alternative interpretation of the quantum adiabatic approximation is presented. This interpretation is based on the ideas originally advocated by David Bohm in his quest for establishing a hidden variable alternative to quantum mechanics. It indicates that the validity of the quantum adiabatic approximation is a sufficient condition for the separability of the quantum action function in the time variable. The implications of this interpretation for Berry’s adiabatic phase and its semi-classical limit are also discussed. Probably one of the best recognized applications of the quantum adiabatic approximation [1, 2] is in Berry’s derivation of the adiabatic geometrical phases [3]. Following Berry’s, by now, classical article on the adiabatic geometric phase [3], Hannay proposed a classical analogue of Berry’s phase [4] and Berry [5] and Anandan [6] explored the semiclassical limit of Berry’s phase and the classical analogue of the general, non-adiabatic geometric phase [7], respectively. The purpose of this note is to provide an alternative interpretation of the quantum adiabatic approximation which yields a natural approach to study the semi-classical limit of this approximation and consequently Berry’s phase.