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Journal of Jilin University

Radio-Frequency Oscillator for HTS RF SQUID Magnetometer

Jing Zhao

Published Jan 1, 2009• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In order to improve magnetic field sensitivity and stability of the high-temperature RF SQUID(Rradio-Frequency Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) magnetometer,a radio-frequency oscillator used to provide bias signal to resonant circuit of the superconducting quantum interference devices was designed.The voltage-controlled oscillator with adjustable continuously frequency was used as signal source,and radio-frequency signal attenuation circuit used to attenuate oscillation signal to meet the power requirements of the oscillation signal of the SQUID was also designed.The experiments showed that the oscillator can continuously produce adjustable 549.75～947 MHz radio-frequency signal,and the minimum signal power is-98.97 dBm,which meets the work requirements of the SQUID devices.

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In order to improve magnetic field sensitivity and stability of the high-temperature RF SQUID(Rradio-Frequency Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) magnetometer,a radio-frequency oscillator used to provide bias signal to resonant circuit of the superconducting quantum interference devices was designed.The voltage-controlled oscillator with adjustable continuously frequency was used as signal source,and radio-frequency signal attenuation circuit used to attenuate oscillation signal to meet the power requirements of the oscillation signal of the SQUID was also designed.The experiments showed that the oscillator can continuously produce adjustable 549.75～947 MHz radio-frequency signal,and the minimum signal power is-98.97 dBm,which meets the work requirements of the SQUID devices.
Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is a sensitive detector of magnetic flux signals. Up to now, the main application of SQUIDs has been measurements of magnetic flux signals in the frequency range from near DC to several MHz. Recently, cryogenic low-noise radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers based on DC SQUID are under development aiming to detect RF signals with sensitivity approaching quantum limit. In this paper, we review the recent progress of cryogenic low-noise RF amplifiers based on SQUID technology.
We measured the amplitude–frequency characteristics of radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf SQUIDs) over a temperature range between 65 and 79 K. Using the expressions derived from the recently developed rf SQUID theory, valid also at large thermal fluctuations, we determined from these data the basic parameters of high-transition-temperature superconductor (HTS) rf SQUIDs. These parameters were: (a) the high-frequency coupling coefficient between the rf SQUID and the tank circuit resonator, k, (b) the SQUIDs hysteretic parameter, β, (c) the critical current of the Josephson junction, Ic, (d) its normal resistance, Rn, and (e) its noise parameter, Γ. We found a good agreement with the values of β(Ic) and Rn determined directly after destructively opening the SQUID loop. In accordance with the theoretical predictions, our experimental results show that at large thermal fluctuation levels (T≅77 K), rf SQUIDs with large loop inductance operate in nonhysteretic mode up to β values exceeding 3. Furthermore, we have shown that the optimal energy sensitivity is attained in the nonhysteretic mode at a value of β distinctly higher than 1. A quantitative comparison of white noise predicted by the theory with that obtained from the experiment showed a reasonable agreement. We also discussed the contribution of the phase information to the SQUID’s signal and noise at optimum operation conditions, when a mixer was used as a signal detector.
A number of applications of high-temperature superconductor radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf SQUIDs) require a certain immunity of these sensors against electromagnetic interference (EMI). We have investigated effects of electromagnetic radiation in the high-frequency and ultrahigh-frequency range on various types of rf SQUIDs. It has been found that EMI of sufficient field strength reduces the voltage versus flux transfer function, and thus increases the flux noise of the SQUIDs. SQUIDs with a wire wound tank circuit coil have been found to be more sensitive to EMI than SQUIDs integrated into a superconducting microstrip resonator.
Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are promising for detection of extremely weak power regimes for the Internet of Things and long-distance satellite networks. In low-frequency magnetic signal measurements, it has demonstrated superior performance over the traditional systems. We review the resistively and capacitively shunted junction model of dc SQUIDs and investigate its transfer function to magnetic flux signals while taking thermal fluctuation into account. We numerically evaluate the influence of bias current and bias flux signal to determine the operating parameters of the device. The performances related to SQUID ring inductance operating at 4.2 K and 77 K are demonstrated. Combined with common radio frequency front-end modules, including low-noise amplifier and low-pass filter, we evaluate the bit-error-rate performance of the system under different inductance values and inferred that the sensitivity of the system can reach −99 dBm at 100 MHz bandwidth.
Radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers based on direct current (DC) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) have low-noise performance for precision physics experiments. Gain curves of SQUID RF amplifiers depend on several parameters of the SQUID and operation conditions. We are developing SQUID RF amplifiers for application to measure very weak RF signals from ultra-low-temperature high-magnetic-field microwave cavity in axion search experiments. In this study, we designed, fabricated and characterized SQUID RF amplifiers with different SQUID parameters, such as number of input coil turn, shunt resistance value of the junction and coupling capacitance in the input coil, and compared the results.
Experimental results on some radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf-SQUID) signal properties are presented. The quantum interferometer was made of ceramic YBa2Cu3O7−x and was due to a low critical current operated in the inductance or nonhysteretic mode. With bias current as reference, amplitude variation, and phase shift of the voltage over the tank circuit coupled to the SQUID were measured simultaneously. It is shown that there is qualitative agreement between calculations based on the resistivity shunted junction model and the data. Moreover, using phase detection, signal instabilities predicted for the rf-SQUID inductance mode were observed. These signal instabilities may be exploited to enhance the transfer coefficient for measured flux-to-output signal.