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Physics Experimentation

Stern-Gerlach experiment using the alkali beam

Song Zhao-peng

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

By ameliorating the beam source and the surface ionization detector of Stern-Gerlach experiment with K-beam, Stern-Gerlach experiment method with all alkali Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs beams is realized.

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The Stern-Gerlach (SG) experiment reported in 1922 was an important milestone in the history of physics. The passing of a collimated neutral beam of silver atoms through a long, strong and asymmetrical magnet caused the atoms of silver out of a horizontal slit to split roughly into two separate beams forming a hollow lip figure (as seen on a plate held normal to the beam) instead of being a filled-in lip figure as suggested by some theoretical calculations. The SG results were thought to indicate that the observed phenomenon can not be explained using classical physics. Following a classical numerical approach by the author using a double-slit geometry, results are given for a 3D numerical SG type experiment showing clearly that a binary beam splitting is possible for certain conditions using an inverse square relation as the only source of forces- thus giving the possibility of a classical interpretation to the problem. For simplicity, we use what is mathematically equivalent- a dipole of charges to represent the magnetic dipole of the atom, and sets of fixed charges or potential surfaces around the path of the beam to represent the poles of a magnet. Although not exactly following the SG setup, the present results, nonetheless, are useful in showing the clear discrete behavior that can be caused by the combination of a fixed boundary, a strong field asymmetry and the highly nonlinear mapping of the inverse square law of forces coupled with the spin direction of a particle.

•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

Magnetic Velocity Analysis of Potassium Atoms Scattered by a Magnesium Oxide Crystal

A. Ellett, Victor W. Cohen

A beam of neutral potassium atoms is directed to the surface of an MgO crystal, incident at an adjustable angle of from 20 to 80 degrees. Perpendicular to this beam is a slit system which defines a second beam of atoms which have been scattered by the crystal. This second beam is directed to the region between a pair of Stern-Gerlach magnet pole pieces. The intensity of the beam is measured by means of a Langmuir-Taylor surface ionization detector.

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science•Jan 1, 1936•0 citations
A thorough motion investigation and analysis was conducted again for the original Stern-Gerlach Experiment(SGE). The analysis is still based on the assumption that the atom passing the SG apparatus is a micromagnet due to the spin of its electron, the atoms in the source beam are with an orientation distribution of its angular momentum vectors, while the spin micromagnet is in the precession induced by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. It is the precession that keeps the silver beam with narrower orientation distribution of its angular momentum vectors after passing through the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The motion relativity was introduced in the SGE between the SG apparatus and the silver source beam, which interpreted all the detection phenomena in the multi-stage SGE. The research provided a new and convincing interpretation to the SGE with full satisfaction based on the classical physics without any mysterious or counter intuitive concepts introduced compared to quantum physics.
The Stern-Gerlach (SG) experiment reported in 1922 was an important milestone in the history of physics. The passing of a collimated neutral beam of silver atoms through a long, strong and asymmetrical magnet caused the atoms of silver out of a horizontal slit to split roughly into two separate beams forming a hollow lip figure (as seen on a plate held normal to the beam) instead of being a filled-in lip figure as suggested by some theoretical calculations. The SG results were thought to indicate that the observed phenomenon can not be explained using classical physics. Following a classical numerical approach by the author using a double-slit geometry, results are given for a 3D numerical SG type experiment showing clearly that a binary beam splitting is possible for certain conditions using an inverse square relation as the only source of forces- thus giving the possibility of a classical interpretation to the problem. For simplicity, we use what is mathematically equivalent- a dipole of charges to represent the magnetic dipole of the atom, and sets of fixed charges or potential surfaces around the path of the beam to represent the poles of a magnet. Although not exactly following the SG setup, the present results, nonetheless, are useful in showing the clear discrete behavior that can be caused by the combination of a fixed boundary, a strong field asymmetry and the highly nonlinear mapping of the inverse square law of forces coupled with the spin direction of a particle.