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Journal of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology

Effect of fluctuations of phase and amplitude on stimulated emission

Yuexin Liu

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Through researching on the effect of fluctuations of phase and amplitude on stimulated emission's coherence function and spectrum density with the theory of statistical physics to get the conclusion that the relevance formula about coherence functions and intensity fluctuations under the condition of heat radiation is not suitable in stimulated emission.

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Through researching on the effect of fluctuations of phase and amplitude on stimulated emission's coherence function and spectrum density with the theory of statistical physics to get the conclusion that the relevance formula about coherence functions and intensity fluctuations under the condition of heat radiation is not suitable in stimulated emission.
Manifestations of quantum fluctuations in stimulated Raman scattering ( SRS ) have been intensively studied lately1. Quantum noise present in spontaneous scattering stimulates fluctuations both in phase and in amplitude characteristics of output Stokes emission. At present statistical properties of amplitude fluctuations are studied in detail and it is shown that in linear transient regime of SRS without pump depletion statistical scatter of Stokes energy Es has negative exponential distribution2. In saturation regime of SRS the amplitude fluctuations are almost suppressed simultaneously with pump depletion. The phase fluctuations manifest both in linear and in nonlinear SRS and produce beam pointing fluctuations3, a change in Stokes emission spectra from pulse to pulse4 and cause soliton appearance in Rayleigh component of SRS5. Phase noise is observed in saturation regime due to relation between phases of Stokes and phonon waves which is preserved in processes of stationary and quasistationary SRS amplification. Spectrum phase fluctuations manifest as fine structure of SRS spectrum4, fluctuations of average Stokes frequency and Stokes linewidth fluctuations. The evolution of phase fluctuations in time is determined by the nature of spontaneous scattering and polarization of Raman media and is of great interest as one can follow its development from vacuum modes level to saturation regime. However up to now this problem has not been studied yet.
The coherence and directional properties of stimulated and spontaneous emission can be understood without a knowledge of quantum electrodynamics. This paper presents a semiclassical description of the interaction between a free atom and a weak optical field under conditions of either a stimulated emission or a stimulated absorption resonance. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the stimulated or spontaneous radiation fields emitted from a sample of atoms will propagate in the same direction as the incident beam, will be coherent with the incident beam, and will have the correct phase to provide amplification or attenuation.
The authors incorporate in the theory of collisional redistribution of resonance radiation the effect of a finite bandwidth of the intense incident radiation. The phase of the radiation is treated as a process with independent increments, which contains the phase-diffusion model as a special case. These phase fluctuations give rise to effective decay operators affecting the evolution of the density matrix and the regression of the correlation function. For a two-level atom suffering binary collisions the combined effect of collisions and phase fluctuations on the fluorescence spectrum is evaluated in several limiting cases of practical interest.
The effect of random laser phase fluctuations on stimulated photon echoes (SPEs) and on coherently added SPEs was studied and evaluated both experimentally and analytically with statistical methods. The general concept of describing laser frequency fluctuations as a stationary stochastic process is presented and applied to three specific SPE configurations. The effect of phase fluctuations on erasing an SPE by coherently adding another SPE, phase-shifted by 180 degrees relative to the first, is presented.
Recently, the question of the origin of correlations in thermal light has again been debated. The alternative viewpoints suggest that (i) stimulated emission causes the correlations implied by Bose-Einstein statistics and exemplified by the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, or (ii) stimulated emission coherently amplifies any initial field, with no change in the nature of photon statistics, apart from the addition of, and interference with, spontaneous-emission noise. It is shown that two essentially different physical models have been considered previously, with many results being only approximate. For these models we obtain the evolution of the photon statistics by deriving exactly the generating function for the diagonal elements of the field density matrix and the quantum characteristic function. The source of Bose-Einstein correlations is seen to be merely the interference in the superposition of random independent fields from a chaotic source, spontaneous emission being one example. Extending the investigation to a nonlinear model, we show that, although there is no longer coherent amplification, it is still not correct to infer that this interaction, which produces the amplification, also leads to Bose-Einstein statistics.