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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Controlled Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication by Using GHZ State

Guo-Fang Shi

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper,we present a controlled deterministic secure quantum communication protocol.During the communication,GHZ state is used as quantum channel,secret message is encoded and decoded by controlled quantum entanglement swapping and local unitary operation.This protocol is completely secure and the proof of the security is the same as that in the two-step protocol [Phys.Rev.A 68 042317].This scheme can also be generalized to a multi-party controlled system.

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In this paper,we present a controlled deterministic secure quantum communication protocol.During the communication,GHZ state is used as quantum channel,secret message is encoded and decoded by controlled quantum entanglement swapping and local unitary operation.This protocol is completely secure and the proof of the security is the same as that in the two-step protocol [Phys.Rev.A 68 042317].This scheme can also be generalized to a multi-party controlled system.
We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via entanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled three-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially separated parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie, functions as a quantum information channel. After ensuring the safety of the quantum channel, Alice and Bob apply a series local operations on their respective particles according to the tripartite stipulation and the secret message they both want to send to Charlie. By three Alice, Bob and Charlie's Bell measurement results, Charlie is able to infer the secret messages directly. The secret messages are faithfully transmitted from Alice and Bob to Charlie via initially shared pairs of GHZ states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Since there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between any two of them in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used.
A deterministic direct quantum communication protocol by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations is proposed in this paper. A set of ordered EPR pairs in one of the four Bell states is used. For each pair, each of the two legitimate users owns a photon of the entangled pair via quantum channel. The pairs are divided into two types of group, i.e., the checking groups and the encoding-decoding groups. In the checking groups, taking advantage of the swapping quantum entanglement and Alice's (the message sender's) public announcement, the eavesdropping can be detected provided that the number of the checking groups is big enough. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes her bits via the local unitary operations on the encoding-decoding groups. Then she performs her Bell measurements on her photons and publicly announces her measurement results. After her announcement, the message receiver Bob performs his Bell measurements on his photons and directly extracts the encoding bits by using the property of the quantum entanglement swapping. The security of the present scheme is also discussed: under the attack scenarios to our best knowledge, the scheme is secure.
A three-party controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme through entanglement swapping is proposed firstly. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states which are used as quantum channel. The two communicators may securely communicate under the control of the controller if the quantum channel is safe. The roles of the sender, the receiver, and the controller can be exchanged owing to the symmetry of the quantum channel. Different from other controlled quantum secure communication schemes, the scheme needs lesser additional classical information for transferring secret information. Finally, it is generalized to a multiparty controlled deterministic secure quantum communication scheme.