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运城学院学报

Preparation and Application of Quantum Entangled State Based on Cavity QED

Xiaoqi Su

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum entangled state is an important and useful physical resource,it plays a very important role in quantum computation and quantum communication.In the quantum communication,information processing is dependent on the quantum state and its evolution.In the various kinds of quantum states,quantum entangled state is the most important one,it is used to test the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics,and it also takes an important role in quantum communication,so the preparation and operation of quantum entangled state became especially important.This article introduced the theoretical method of cavity quantum electrodynamics(cavity QED) in the first,and then it tells the definition of quantum entangled state and how to measure it,based on it we introduced the specific process of two atoms entangled state and more than two atoms entangled state by the use of cavity QED under resonance interaction.Finally we introduced some important applications of the quantum entangled state in quantum information.

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•Jan 1, 2001•90 citations
Quantum entangled state is an important and useful physical resource,it plays a very important role in quantum computation and quantum communication.In the quantum communication,information processing is dependent on the quantum state and its evolution.In the various kinds of quantum states,quantum entangled state is the most important one,it is used to test the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics,and it also takes an important role in quantum communication,so the preparation and operation of quantum entangled state became especially important.This article introduced the theoretical method of cavity quantum electrodynamics(cavity QED) in the first,and then it tells the definition of quantum entangled state and how to measure it,based on it we introduced the specific process of two atoms entangled state and more than two atoms entangled state by the use of cavity QED under resonance interaction.Finally we introduced some important applications of the quantum entangled state in quantum information.
For the sake of making this kind of useful quantum information resource of quantum entanglement.Here we propose a new prepare process on the foundation of the cavity quantum electrodynamics technique project of the resonance interaction,put forward a kind of making process that atom entangled state.Made to prepare two typical quantum entangled states in cavity QED: GHZ and W states of atoms,which belong to inequivalent classes of entangled states.GHZ state is maximally entangled state,while W states are non-maximally entangled states.They hold many interesting applications in quantum information processing and high-precision measurements.Therefore it is expected to be implemented with the current cavity QED experimental technology.
After they have interacted, quantum particles generally behave as a single nonseparable entangled system. The concept of entanglement plays an essential role in quantum physics. We have performed entanglement experiments with Rydberg atoms and microwave photons in a cavity and tested quantum mechanics in situations of increasing complexity. Entanglement resulted either from a resonant exchange of energy between atoms and the cavity field or from dispersive energy shifts affecting atoms and photons when they were not resonant. With two entangled particles (two atoms or one atom and a photon), we have realized new versions of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen situation. The detection of one particle projected the other, at a distance, in a correlated state. This process could be viewed as an elementary measurement, one particle being a ``meter'' measuring the other. We have performed a ``quantum nondemolition'' measurement of a single photon, which we detected repeatedly without destroying it. Entanglement is also essential to understand decoherence, the process accounting for the classical appearance of the macroscopic world. A mesoscopic superposition of states (``Schr\"odinger cat'') gets rapidly entangled with its environment, losing its quantum coherence. We have prepared a Schr\"odinger cat made of a few photons and studied the dynamics of its decoherence, in an experiment which constitutes a glimpse at the quantum/classical boundary. We have also investigated entanglement as a resource for the processing of quantum information. By using quantum two-state systems (qubits) instead of classical bits of information, one can perform logical operations exploiting quantum interferences and taking advantage of the properties of entanglement. Manipulating as qubits atoms and photons in a cavity, we have operated a quantum gate and applied it to the generation of a complex three-particle entangled state. We finally discuss the perspectives opened by these experiments for further fundamental studies.
In the realm of quantum information, cavity QED is the most effective scheme that can realize the quantum information process. In cavity QED, the core is the interaction between atoms and cavity modes. Based on the frequencies of atomic transitions and cavity modes, we can divide the interaction into two different kinds, one is the resonant interaction where the atomic transition frequency is equal to cavity mode frequency, the other is the large-detuned interaction where the atomic transition frequency is large detuned from the cavity mode frequency. From the two different kinds of interaction we all can prepare entangled states, teleport unknown states and realize the quantum logic gates. By comparison, we conclude that the large-detuned interaction scheme would become a promising scheme, and would make the realization of quantum network and quantum computer possible in the near future.
Since the photon box gedanken experiments of several of the founding fathers of modern physics, considerable progress has been made in differentiating the quantum and classical worlds. In this pursuit, the cavity as an open quantum system has been indispensable. From the quantization of the atom and field within a superconducting cavity, a unique realm of EPR type entanglement has emerged. In this way, dynamical evolution of the system in the strong coupling regime is intimately tied with the coupling of an atom with a single resonant or non-resonant mode within the cavity. More specifically, the cavity can be prepared so that the atom is detected in a desired state. Here, the essentials of the strong coupling regime of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) are reviewed for cavities tuned with a single atomic transition. A brief introduction of the systems is followed by an approach of the more striking effects, leading towards Ramsey Interferometry and Quantum Non-Demolition measurements as means for quantum gate protocol. Because the integrity of the atom and photon states is important for the advancement of quantum computation, a brief discussion of the decoherence problems is also presented. This document is meant to introduce the topic in a way that makes it easily accessible to those working in closely related areas of physics, and to highlight key applications and some basic questions concerning decoherence and the measurement problem.
After they have interacted, quantum particles generally behave as a single nonseparable entangled system. The concept of entanglement plays an essential role in quantum physics. We have performed entanglement experiments with Rydberg atoms and microwave photons in a cavity and tested quantum mechanics in situations of increasing complexity. Entanglement resulted either from a resonant exchange of energy between atoms and the cavity field or from dispersive energy shifts affecting atoms and photons when they were not resonant. With two entangled particles (two atoms or one atom and a photon), we have realized new versions of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen situation. The detection of one particle projected the other, at a distance, in a correlated state. This process could be viewed as an elementary measurement, one particle being a ‘‘meter’’ measuring the other. We have performed a ‘‘quantum nondemolition’’ measurement of a single photon, which we detected repeatedly without destroying it. Entanglement is also essential to understand decoherence, the process accounting for the classical appearance of the macroscopic world. A mesoscopic superposition of states (‘‘Schrodinger cat’’) gets rapidly entangled with its environment, losing its quantum coherence. We have prepared a Schrodinger cat made of a few photons and studied the dynamics of its decoherence, in an experiment which constitutes a glimpse at the quantum/classical boundary. We have also investigated entanglement as a resource for the processing of quantum information. By using quantum two-state systems (qubits) instead of classical bits of information, one can perform logical operations exploiting quantum interferences and taking advantage of the properties of entanglement. Manipulating as qubits atoms and photons in a cavity, we have operated a quantum gate and applied it to the generation of a complex three-particle entangled state. We finally discuss the perspectives opened by these experiments for further fundamental studies.