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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Quantum Dynamical Tunneling Suppression by a Laser Field and the Physical Explanasion

Li Yongfang

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The suppression of Quantum Dynamical tunneling is predicted to occur when a laser field drives a transition in an isolated,single molecule embedded in a host medium.A externalforce having quasiresont frequency drives trasitions between the ground and excited states,which forms a Λ-type systerm.Through dressed state analysis,dark and bright representation analysis and some approximation,the solution is gained.Dark and bright representation analysis is a physical interpretation;in some condition,particles can be completely localized in one well or be localized in lower doublet.

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Tunneling is a supreme quantum effect. Every introductory text [1] on quantum mechanics gives the paradigm example of a particle tunneling through a one-dimensional potential barrier despite having a total energy less than the barrier height. Indeed, the reader typically works through a number of exercises, all involving one-dimensional potential barriers of one form or another modeling several key physical phenomena ranging from atom transfer reactions to the decay of α-particles [2]. However, one seldom encounters coupled multidimenisonal tunneling in such texts since an analytical solution of the Schro¨dinger equation in such cases is not possible. Interestingly, the richness and complexity of the tunneling phenomenon manifest themselves in full glory in the case of multidimensional systems [3]. Thus, for instance, the usual one-dimensional expectation of increasing tunneling splittings as one approaches the barrier top from below is not necessarily true as soon as one couples another bound degree of freedom to the tunneling coordinate. In the context of molecular reaction dynamics, multidimensional tunneling can result in strong mode-specificity and fluctuations in the reaction rates [4]. In fact, a proper description of tunneling of electrons and hydrogen atoms is absolutely essential [5,6] even in molecular systems as large as enzymes and proteins. Although one usually assumes tunneling effects to be significant in molecules involving light atom transfers, it is worth pointing out that neglecting the tunneling of even a heavy atom like carbon is the difference between a reaction occurring or not occurring. In particular, one can underestimate rates by nearly hundred orders of magnitude [7]. Interestingly, and perhaps paradoxically, several penetrating insights into the nature and mechanism of multidimensional barrier tunneling have been obtained from a phase-space perspective [8,9]. The contributions by Creagh, Shudo and Ikeda, and Takahashi in the present volume provide a detailed account of the latest advances in the phasespace-based understanding of multidimensional barrier tunneling.

CRC Press eBooks•Mar 9, 2011•2 citations
The suppression of Quantum Dynamical tunneling is predicted to occur when a laser field drives a transition in an isolated,single molecule embedded in a host medium.A externalforce having quasiresont frequency drives trasitions between the ground and excited states,which forms a Λ-type systerm.Through dressed state analysis,dark and bright representation analysis and some approximation,the solution is gained.Dark and bright representation analysis is a physical interpretation;in some condition,particles can be completely localized in one well or be localized in lower doublet.
We revisit the problem of laser-induced suppression of quantum dynamical tunneling in a model system studied by Kilin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 3297]. This quantum system consists of a ground state symmetric double-well potential which is coupled by a strong laser field to an excited state asymmetric double-well potential. By analyzing the assumptions used in their analysis we show that the suppression of quantum dynamical tunneling can be explained with the use of dark and bright states of the system. We also generalize the system and the conditions for suppression of quantum tunneling and show that, in certain cases, suppression can occur regardless the characteristics of the excited potential surface.
The aim to control the internal and external degrees of freedom of quantum systems is of great interest for many fields of physics and chemistry. One opportunity to realize such a coherent control is provided by strong, time depended, external fields. In this work the experimental realization of a model-system is presented. The coherent control of the tunneling dynamics of single atoms by means of a time-periodic, external field is demonstrated. Depending on the parameters of the driving force the tunneling rate can be varied up to a total suppression of the tunneling process in the extreme. This type of dynamical localization is known as "coherent destruction of tunneling". The experimental setup allows a direct access to the tunneling dynamics of single atoms in a double well structure and enables great freedom concerning the parameters. Not only the double well potential, the driving frequency and the driving amplitude can be varied, but also the temporal and spatial symmetry of the driving. A coherent beam of slow, metastable argon atoms serves as source of particles, which can be detected spatially resolved enabling the direct observation of the tunneling dynamics in momentum space.
It has been shown recently [see, for example, S.-Y. Zhu and M. O. Scully, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 388 (1996)] that a dynamical suppression of spontaneous emission can occur in a three-level system when an external field drives transitions between a metastable state and two decaying states. What is unusual in the decay scheme is that the decaying states are coupled directly by the vacuum radiation field. It is shown that the decay dynamics required for total suppression of spontaneous emission necessarily implies that the level scheme is isomorphic to a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda} system, in which the lower two levels are both metastable and each is coupled to the decaying state. As such, the total suppression of spontaneous emission can be explained in terms of conventional dark states and coherent population trapping.
Stochastic dynamics of a laser-driven four-level system serving as a model for a single guest chromophore molecule in an amorphous polymer host is studied. The dynamics of ``slow'' transitions (spectral jumps), accompanied by instantaneous changes in the fluorescence frequency, is simulated on the basis of continuous measurement theory. It is shown that there is an opportunity to control the statistics of ``bright'' and ``dark'' periods by using laser fields to drive molecules having different tunneling rates for the ground and excited electronic states. The effect of population cycling in a four-level system and related effects of local heating or cooling of the environment are discussed.
Tunneling is a supreme quantum effect. Every introductory text [1] on quantum mechanics gives the paradigm example of a particle tunneling through a one-dimensional potential barrier despite having a total energy less than the barrier height. Indeed, the reader typically works through a number of exercises, all involving one-dimensional potential barriers of one form or another modeling several key physical phenomena ranging from atom transfer reactions to the decay of α-particles [2]. However, one seldom encounters coupled multidimenisonal tunneling in such texts since an analytical solution of the Schro¨dinger equation in such cases is not possible. Interestingly, the richness and complexity of the tunneling phenomenon manifest themselves in full glory in the case of multidimensional systems [3]. Thus, for instance, the usual one-dimensional expectation of increasing tunneling splittings as one approaches the barrier top from below is not necessarily true as soon as one couples another bound degree of freedom to the tunneling coordinate. In the context of molecular reaction dynamics, multidimensional tunneling can result in strong mode-specificity and fluctuations in the reaction rates [4]. In fact, a proper description of tunneling of electrons and hydrogen atoms is absolutely essential [5,6] even in molecular systems as large as enzymes and proteins. Although one usually assumes tunneling effects to be significant in molecules involving light atom transfers, it is worth pointing out that neglecting the tunneling of even a heavy atom like carbon is the difference between a reaction occurring or not occurring. In particular, one can underestimate rates by nearly hundred orders of magnitude [7]. Interestingly, and perhaps paradoxically, several penetrating insights into the nature and mechanism of multidimensional barrier tunneling have been obtained from a phase-space perspective [8,9]. The contributions by Creagh, Shudo and Ikeda, and Takahashi in the present volume provide a detailed account of the latest advances in the phasespace-based understanding of multidimensional barrier tunneling.