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Modern Electronics Technique

Ground state study of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in concentrical dual-ring potential well

Chen Guang-pin

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The ground state structure of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in concentrical dual-ring potential well is studied,with changing of the spin-orbit-coupled,multiple ground state structures are appearing in the coupled system. If the spin-orbit-coupled is added increasingly only in one direction,inhomogeneous distribution of the azimuthal phase separation is appeared in the ground state density,however it is still the stating wave from the phase graph showing. The other spin-orbitcoupled strength is added increasingly in vertical direction until the same with the original direction,when the isotropy of spinorbit-coupled is shaped,homogeneous distribution of the azimuthal phase separation is appeared gradually in the ground state density. Investigation from phase diagram shows that a large number of vortexes in ground state system are generated by the function of isotropy spin-orbit-coupled.

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The ground state structure of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in concentrical dual-ring potential well is studied,with changing of the spin-orbit-coupled,multiple ground state structures are appearing in the coupled system. If the spin-orbit-coupled is added increasingly only in one direction,inhomogeneous distribution of the azimuthal phase separation is appeared in the ground state density,however it is still the stating wave from the phase graph showing. The other spin-orbitcoupled strength is added increasingly in vertical direction until the same with the original direction,when the isotropy of spinorbit-coupled is shaped,homogeneous distribution of the azimuthal phase separation is appeared gradually in the ground state density. Investigation from phase diagram shows that a large number of vortexes in ground state system are generated by the function of isotropy spin-orbit-coupled.
We study the ground-state phases of spin–orbit coupled spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensates in a two-dimensional concentrically coupled annular trap with the attractive and repulsive spin-exchange interactions, respectively. For the system with the attractive spin-exchange interaction, the ground-state phase densities in the inner ring show the bright solitons along the azimuthal direction with the weak spin–orbit coupling strength and the vortex line along the radial direction with the strong spin–orbit coupling strength. For the system with the repulsive spin-exchange interaction, the necklace-like state is shown. The number of petals of the necklace-like state continuous growth as the spin–orbit coupling strength enhanced. The momentum distributions of the ground-state phases are also studied.
We investigate the ground state of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in concentrically coupled annular traps within the full parameter space accounts for all the nonlinear two-body collisions and the spin-orbit coupling. We find that depending on the ratio between interaction parameters and the strength of spin-orbit coupling, this coupled system presents various ground-state phases. Moreover, phase transition between radial phase separation and azimuthal phase separation can be induced by varying the strength of spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in radial phase separation, while phase transition between phase coexistence and azimuthal phase separation can also be realized through spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in phase coexistence. Finally, the spin texture is studied and the results show that the meron-antimeron pair spontaneously appears as the ground state of this coupled system. We also give an experimental protocol to observe these phenomena in future experiments.
In this paper, we study the ground state of two-component spin–orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates with mass imbalance. Our results are based on the framework of mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii theory. The effects of unequal atomic mass and SOC strength are studied. Different density structures such as heliciform stripes, linear stripes and string vortex chains are found. Different density structures such as heliciform stripes, linear stripes and string vortex chains are found. With the increase of SOC strength, the azimuthal phase separation is kept while radial phase separation is broken. In addition, increasing the mass ratio is unfavorable to vortex formation, whereas more vortices can be generated by increasing the SOC strength. We also discuss the physical quantities such as angular momentum per atom and spin polarisation, for a larger mass ratio, showing that angular momentum gets a little bigger as the SOC strength increases and the first-order phase transition does not exist.
Abstract We investigate the ground-state properties of spin–orbit (SO)-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates confined in a spin-dependent asymmetric potential composed of harmonic and quartic contributions. The combined effect of the two potentials gives rise to an effective spatially inhomogeneous Zeeman field along the z -direction, and the complex competition among SO coupling, interatomic interactions, and this effective field leads to the emergence of nontrivial topological phases and complex spin textures in the system. For weak interatomic interactions, as the SO coupling strength increases, the system undergoes a series of transitions between ground-state phases: from a spin-polarized state, to an Anderson–Toulouse (AT) vortex state, a high-order radial dark soliton state, and finally to a domain structure. For strong interatomic interactions, the condensate evolves from a spin-polarized state to an AT vortex state, and then to a spatially coexisting state of AT and Mermin–Ho vortices, which corresponds to a novel topological excitation in pseudospin space: a skyrmion-dominated texture embedded with circular-hyperbolic antimeron pairs, realizing the coexistence and nesting of multiple topological defects. For sufficiently strong SO coupling, both components eventually evolve into similar multiring-shaped higher-order radial dark soliton states, with the number of soliton rings increasing as the SO coupling strength increases. Our results enrich the ground-state phases and topological excitations of cold atomic systems and provide new insights for exploring and manipulating nontrivial topological excitations in such systems.
We study the ground-state phases of two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in a plane quadrupole field. In the absence of rotation, for the fixed spin-orbit coupling strength, the ordinary stripe phase is found when the strength of the magnetic field gradient is small. As the strength of magnetic field gradient enhances, the system realizes the phases with three layer vortices along the radial direction. The number of vortices in the second layer is successively increased and the vortices in the outermost layer disappear when the strength of magnetic field gradient surpass the critical value. For the large strength of magnetic field gradient, the system only has the inner layer vortices. The magnetic field inhibits the region of vortices. For the fixed magnetic field gradient strength, the vortices of the system elongate along the radial direction and form a series of vortex lines, the number of the vortex line increases as the strength of spin-orbit coupling enhances. By adding the rotation, for the fixed strengths of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field gradient, the number of second layer vortices also successively increases as the rotational frequency increases. The number of vortices in the certain layer of the ground-state density can be regularly changed under the effects of the magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling.
In this paper, we consider the ground state properties of a spin-orbit coupled binary Bose-Einstein condensates with dipole-dipole interaction.Our results are obtained by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the mean field.It is shown that the density structures are greatly affected by spin-orbit coupled strength and dipole strength.With the increase of spin-orbit coupled strength, we find that a stripe phase and phase separation of two components appear, and the number of stripes increases.In addition, concentric circularity stripes with spatial symmetry appear.We also verify that the phase separation can be broken as the dipole strength increases.However, the stripe phase is still kept in this process.As a result, there are no regions of zero density inside the cloud and the nonfragmented density BEC is exhibited.Also, the critical dipole strength decreases with increasing the SOC strength for the non-fragmented state.This result reflects a competition in which the spin-orbit coupling dominates the dipole-dipole interaction.