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Physical Review A

Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in concentrically coupled annular traps

Xiao-Fei Zhang, Ruifang Dong, Tao Liu, W. M. Liu, Shougang Zhang

Published Dec 26, 2012• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the ground state of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in concentrically coupled annular traps within the full parameter space accounts for all the nonlinear two-body collisions and the spin-orbit coupling. We find that depending on the ratio between interaction parameters and the strength of spin-orbit coupling, this coupled system presents various ground-state phases. Moreover, phase transition between radial phase separation and azimuthal phase separation can be induced by varying the strength of spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in radial phase separation, while phase transition between phase coexistence and azimuthal phase separation can also be realized through spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in phase coexistence. Finally, the spin texture is studied and the results show that the meron-antimeron pair spontaneously appears as the ground state of this coupled system. We also give an experimental protocol to observe these phenomena in future experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.063628

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We investigate the ground state of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in concentrically coupled annular traps within the full parameter space accounts for all the nonlinear two-body collisions and the spin-orbit coupling. We find that depending on the ratio between interaction parameters and the strength of spin-orbit coupling, this coupled system presents various ground-state phases. Moreover, phase transition between radial phase separation and azimuthal phase separation can be induced by varying the strength of spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in radial phase separation, while phase transition between phase coexistence and azimuthal phase separation can also be realized through spin-orbit coupling when the system is first in phase coexistence. Finally, the spin texture is studied and the results show that the meron-antimeron pair spontaneously appears as the ground state of this coupled system. We also give an experimental protocol to observe these phenomena in future experiments.
We study the ground-state phases of spin–orbit coupled spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensates in a two-dimensional concentrically coupled annular trap with the attractive and repulsive spin-exchange interactions, respectively. For the system with the attractive spin-exchange interaction, the ground-state phase densities in the inner ring show the bright solitons along the azimuthal direction with the weak spin–orbit coupling strength and the vortex line along the radial direction with the strong spin–orbit coupling strength. For the system with the repulsive spin-exchange interaction, the necklace-like state is shown. The number of petals of the necklace-like state continuous growth as the spin–orbit coupling strength enhanced. The momentum distributions of the ground-state phases are also studied.
We study trapped 2D spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates with isotropic spin–orbit coupling and rotation, showing rich ground state phases and phase transition results from the nontrivial interplay among spin–orbit coupling, rotation and confinement. We show that for experimentally feasible parameters and only in the presence of spin–orbit coupling, a double-ring structure for the longitudinal magnetization of the system can be formed within the minima of inner and/or outer rings. Moreover, the rotation effectively enhances the effect of the spin–orbit coupling and controls the location of atoms between both rings. Our results provide a scenario of controlling different phases of a spin–orbit coupled condensate by varying the spin–orbit coupling strength and rotation frequency, instead of using the conventional approach of changing the s-wave scattering length.
Motivated by recent experimental realization of synthetic spin—orbit coupling in neutral quantum gases, we consider the quasi-two-dimensional rotating two-component Bose—Einstein condensates with anisotropic Rashba spin—orbit coupling subject to concentrically coupled annular potential. For experimentally feasible parameters, the rotating condensate exhibits a variety of rich ground state structures by varying the strengths of the spin—orbit coupling and rotational frequency. Moreover, the phase transitions between different ground state phases induced by the anisotropic spin—orbit coupling are obviously different from the isotropic one.
The ground state structure of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in concentrical dual-ring potential well is studied,with changing of the spin-orbit-coupled,multiple ground state structures are appearing in the coupled system. If the spin-orbit-coupled is added increasingly only in one direction,inhomogeneous distribution of the azimuthal phase separation is appeared in the ground state density,however it is still the stating wave from the phase graph showing. The other spin-orbitcoupled strength is added increasingly in vertical direction until the same with the original direction,when the isotropy of spinorbit-coupled is shaped,homogeneous distribution of the azimuthal phase separation is appeared gradually in the ground state density. Investigation from phase diagram shows that a large number of vortexes in ground state system are generated by the function of isotropy spin-orbit-coupled.
We investigate the ground-state structures of dipolar spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap. Combined effects of dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the ground states of the system are discussed. A ground-state phase diagram is obtained as a function of the SOC and DDI strengths. As two new degrees of freedom, the DDI and SOC can be used to obtain the desired ground-state phases and to control the phase transition between various ground states. In particular, the system displays exotic topological structures and spin textures, such as half-quantum vortex, vortex string, vortex necklace, complex vortex lattice including giant vortex and hidden antivortex chains, different skyrmions, meron (half-skyrmion)-antimeron (half-antiskyrmion) necklace, and composite meron-antimeron lattice.