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[Cooperative luminescence in Yb:YAG crystals].

Yanli Mao, Fei Ding, Changshun Wang, Peizhen Deng, Fuxi Gan

Published Aug 1, 2005• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Cooperative luminescence phenomenon of Yb:YAG crystals was studied. Up-converted blue luminescence was obviously observed in Yb:YAG under excitation in the near-infrared region with a wavelength 940 nm. Experimental evidence was provided by the fact that the intensity of 498 nm luminescence shows a quadratic dependence on excitation power, and the intensity of blue luminescence increased with the increase in Yb ion concentration. It is concluded that this luminescence is due to a cooperative process resulting from a strong interaction of Yb ions. The cooperative luminescence is possiblely assigned to the strong interaction of 4f(13) electrons and neighboring Yb3+ ions in a covalent host lattice such as YAG. Theoretical cooperative luminescence spectrum was calculated.

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Cooperative luminescence phenomenon of Yb:YAG crystals was studied. Up-converted blue luminescence was obviously observed in Yb:YAG under excitation in the near-infrared region with a wavelength 940 nm. Experimental evidence was provided by the fact that the intensity of 498 nm luminescence shows a quadratic dependence on excitation power, and the intensity of blue luminescence increased with the increase in Yb ion concentration. It is concluded that this luminescence is due to a cooperative process resulting from a strong interaction of Yb ions. The cooperative luminescence is possiblely assigned to the strong interaction of 4f(13) electrons and neighboring Yb3+ ions in a covalent host lattice such as YAG. Theoretical cooperative luminescence spectrum was calculated.
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YbPO4{\mathrm{O}}_{4}O4​ was found to show weak green (497 nm) luminescence when excited by infrared (1 \ensuremath{\mu}m) light. It is concluded, on the basis of measurements of excitation intensity dependence and decay time, that this luminescence is due to the emission of a photon by a pair of excited Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ ions in cooperation.
In single crystals of the dimer compound Cs3Y2Br9:10% Yb3+ below 31 K, both visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) luminescence intensities were found to exhibit hysteresis as a function of incident NIR intensity and temperature. The optical bistability is intrinsic to Cs3Y2Br9:10% Yb3+ and not a result of an external feedback. Lowering the temperature to 11 K strongly enhances the all-optical switching behavior. The switching on VIS cooperative upconversion and NIR luminescence transitions occurs simultaneously and with opposite polarity reflecting the competition of both emission processes. On/Off switching ratios of up to 4.8 and 1.7 were observed for VIS and NIR luminescence intensities. Using NIR luminescence spectroscopy, differences in the internal sample temperature of up to 7 K were found between the upper and lower branches of the hystereses. A two-level density-matrix model is developed which includes ground- and excited-state interactions and shows that the intrinsic bistability due to a local field different from the external field is strongly amplified by the nonlinear cooperative upconversion process. Alternatively, a rate-equation model is presented which takes the multilevel nature of the ions into account but is more phenomenological in nature. Formally, the two models are shown to be equivalent, and they qualitatively explain all major experimental observations. It is found both theoretically and experimentally that increasing the coupling within Yb3+ dimers and/or decreasing energy migration through the Yb3+ lattice enhances switching and renders it easier to observe intrinsic optical bistability.