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Journal of Shanxi University

Analyze on the Force of a Ladder-Type Three-Level Atom Driven by a Standing Wave

Jin Kang

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

The dipole force's steady solution of a ladder-type three-level atom of nearly equispaced energy level driven by a standing wave is derived from the atomic master equation.The variance of dipole force and the population of the energy level with the detunings,the space and the amplitude are shown by numerical calculation.The results show that the dipole force is proportional to the gradient of amplitude of the standing wave and the coherences between the atomic internal states plays a modulating role on the force,which is the most remarkable near the two-photon resonance point.Besides the levels tend to reach a equal-population and the dipole force tend to be zero as the amplitude of the electric field becomes bigger.

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Journal of Qinghai University•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations
The dipole force's steady solution of a ladder-type three-level atom of nearly equispaced energy level driven by a standing wave is derived from the atomic master equation.The variance of dipole force and the population of the energy level with the detunings,the space and the amplitude are shown by numerical calculation.The results show that the dipole force is proportional to the gradient of amplitude of the standing wave and the coherences between the atomic internal states plays a modulating role on the force,which is the most remarkable near the two-photon resonance point.Besides the levels tend to reach a equal-population and the dipole force tend to be zero as the amplitude of the electric field becomes bigger.
On the previous work of acquiring an unidirectional dipole force over macro-quantitative optical wavelengths by imposing two standing waves of two different frequencies on an atom in the reference[1],the fluctuation of the rectified dipole-force is derived and calculated by means of quantum aggressive theory.The results show that DI from the interaction between atomic dipole's zero-point fluctuation and the gradient of the light field amplitude has great magnitude being the dominant factor of the fluctuation and varies as the space extremely similar with the rectified dipole force;DS from the interaction between the atomic dipole and zero-point vacuum's vibration is so small that it can be neglected.The heating effect of the atom from the fluctuations is harmful for the atom's trapping by means of dipole force.
This paper mainly deals with the steady-state population of a moving ladder-type three-level atom,driven by a superposition of a monochromatic laser wave with a broad-band squeezed vacuum,From the Hamiltonian of the atomic system,making use of Born-Markoff approximation,we derive the master equation for the system and the atomic Bloch equations and obtain the steady-state solutions of the optical Bloch equations using numerical calculation.Then we discuss the dependence of the attained population σ_(ii) on parameters such as detuning Δ,Rabi frequencies e_1e_2,phase ,squeezing photon number N and spontaneous decay ratesγ_1 γ_2 etc in different cases by using graphical method.
We present a calculation of the force on a stationary three-level atom excited by a nearly resonant Raman light field, which may be composed of an arbitrary combination of standing- and traveling-wave fields. The effects of the ground-state coherences are explicitly included and are shown to play a crucial role in the nature of the force on the atom. We show that the force contains terms that vary on length scales both shorter and longer than the optical wavelength and that the magnitude of these terms can be made arbitrarily large.
By analyzing the influence of the motion of the atoms on the steady-state populations of the atomic levels,we found that the Doppler frequency shift in the double-photon resonance occurs near to the zero double-photon detuning and the Doppler frequency shift in the single-photon resonauce near to the zero single-photon detuning.The double-photon resonance near to zero double-photon detuning does not make the Doppler frequency shift occured when atoms are driven by two counter propagating but same frequency laser beams.