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Chinese Optics Letters

Resonant gradient force on atom interacting with laser field

方建兴, 陈险峰, 朱士群, 张融

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
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Abstract

The gradient force, as a function of position and velocity, is derived for a two-level atom interacting witha standing-wave laser field. Basing on optical Bloch equations, the numerical solutions for the gradientforce f⊥,n (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,...) pointing in the direction of the transverse of the laser beam are given. It isshown the higher order gradient force plays important role at strong intensity (G = 64), the contributionof them can not be neglected.

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The gradient force, as a function of position and velocity, is derived for a two-level atom interacting witha standing-wave laser field. Basing on optical Bloch equations, the numerical solutions for the gradientforce f⊥,n (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,...) pointing in the direction of the transverse of the laser beam are given. It isshown the higher order gradient force plays important role at strong intensity (G = 64), the contributionof them can not be neglected.
The interaction of a beam of two level atoms with a standing wave laser light field has been the subject of extensive investigation in recent times. A standing wave perpendicular to an atomic beam enables the manipulation of the transverse velocity distribution. We have developed a numerical model using a continued fraction solution for the light pressure forces1 to simulate the interaction of an atomic beam with a strong laser field. Using this model, the behaviour of the atoms with small transverse velocity (kv1 « Γ) in a strong standing laser field has been systematically investigated.2
The interaction of a beam of two level atoms with a standing wave laser field has been the subject of extensive investigation in recent times. A standing wave perpendicular to an atomic beam allows the manipulation of the transverse velocity distribution. The interaction of an atomic beam with a strong standing wave laser field has been systematically investigated by both theoretical simulation and experiment in this thesis. We have developed a numerical model based on a continued fraction solution for the light pressure forces to simulate the near perpendicular interaction of an atomic beam with a strong standing wave laser field. The reshaping of the transverse spatial profile of an atomic beam by a perpendicular, near resonant, standing wave laser field is investigated for red detunings using a longitudinal velocity selective detection system. The experimental dependence of the reshaped profile on the longitudinal and transverse atomic velocities agrees well with a continued fraction solution for the light force. In particular, a regime is found where channelling of the atoms near the antinodes of the standing wave produces a central peak in the spatial distribution of the atomic beam in the far field which have also been observed elsewhere.
The dipole force's steady solution of a ladder-type three-level atom of nearly equispaced energy level driven by a standing wave is derived from the atomic master equation.The variance of dipole force and the population of the energy level with the detunings,the space and the amplitude are shown by numerical calculation.The results show that the dipole force is proportional to the gradient of amplitude of the standing wave and the coherences between the atomic internal states plays a modulating role on the force,which is the most remarkable near the two-photon resonance point.Besides the levels tend to reach a equal-population and the dipole force tend to be zero as the amplitude of the electric field becomes bigger.
We investigate the force on a two-level atom interacting with intense monochromatic laser fields which are combinations of standing and traveling waves. We present a continued-fraction solution to the optical Bloch equations. Using this solution to calculate the force on an atom, we have examined the slowing and cooling of a thermal Na atomic beam. We find that the addition of a traveling wave to an intense standing wave can significantly improve the slowing rate and simultaneously decrease the final velocity of the cooled beam.
The motion of an atom in an intense resonant standing laser wave is studied using the Ehrenfest-Bloch equations. Two approaches are taken to determine the radiation or light pressure force on the atom. The first, an attempt to find a Fourier series solution to the optical Bloch equations failed, but Fourier coefficient recursion formulas were found. The second, a numerical calculation of the Bloch variables and the radiation force was successful in obtaining plots of the instantaneous values. The effect of assuming constant atomic velocity is studied, and Fast Fourier Transform discrete harmonic frequency spectra of one of the Bloch variables and the light pressure force are obtained. Finally, the Ehrenfest-Bloch equations are compared with other theories of resonant radiation pressure. (Thesis).