Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Identical Particle Model of Vision Adaptation

Huang Pinga

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The retina and cortex are correlated by the identical particle model.The vision system is modeled as identical particle system,and its radiation transition is studied by using time quantum theory of radiation-matter interaction.The identical particles form coherent states,the transition probability of the superradiant state is a liner function of N2 and N3(N is the particle number),and the one of the subradiant state is zero,which is supported by its successful primary explanation of the coherence of vision cells and pigments,respectively,and the co-action of retina and cortex in the vision adaptation of darkness and brightness.Identical particle model might hold for vision adaptation,and its further integration with Retinex theory will give a clue for the further research of vision adaptation.

Related papers

Quantum Mechanical Basis of Vision

Ramakrishna Chakravarthi, A. K. Rajagopal, A. R. Usha Devi

The two striking components of retina, i.e., the light sensitive neural layer in the eye, by which it responds to light are (the three types of) color sensitive Cones and color insensitive Rods (which outnumber the cones 20:1). The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and these photoreceptors (causing transitions between cis- and trans- states of rhodopsin molecules in the latter) offers a prime example of physical processes at the nano-bio interface. After a brief review of the basic facts about vision, we propose a quantum mechanical model (paralleling the Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) of interaction of light with matter) of early vision describing the interaction of light with the two states of rhodopsin mentioned above. Here we model the early essential steps in vision incorporating, separately, the two well-known features of retinal transduction (converting light to neural signals): small numbers of cones respond to bright light (large number of photons) and large numbers of rods respond to faint light (small number of photons) with an amplification scheme. An outline of the method of solution of these respective models based on quantum density matrix is also indicated. This includes a brief overview of the theory, based on JCM, of signal amplification required for the perception of faint light. We envision this methodology, which brings a novel quantum approach to modeling neural activity, to be a useful paradigm in developing a better understanding of key visual processes than is possible with currently available models that completely ignore quantum effects at the relevant neural level.

arXiv:0804.0190•Apr 1, 2008•2 citations

Modeling the Dynamics of the Excitation of Two-Level Particles with Pulses of Bichromatic Irradiation

V. A. Morozov

Abstract Mathematical modeling of the excitation dynamics of an isolated two-level particle under bichromatic irradiation is carried out on basis of solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the probability amplitudes of the states of the composite system of the particle and an interaction two-mode quantized radiation field, with the photons for each of which in a superposition state at the initial time. An analytical expression describing the change in the time of the population of the excited state of a particle in the adsorption of one of the irradiation photons in the simplest case when the irradiation is a sequence of identical pulses of a sinusoidal form is obtained. The obtained time dependence is compared with the time dependence of the diagonal matrix element of the statistical operator of the particle in the excited state found on the basis of the numerical solution of the system of the optical Bloch equations, with the corresponding irradiation described by the classical theory. Examples of significant differences in the type of these compared time dependences for a number of characteristic cases of irradiation are given.

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B•May 1, 2019•0 citations

A2 Term, Renormalization of Matter-Photon Interaction and Coherent States in Matter-Photon Systems

Sachio Takeno, Michiyoshi Nagashima

A non-relativistic quantum theory of matter-photon interaction is formulated, within the framework of the dipole approximation, by employing a canonical transformation to diago­ nalize the A' term plus the free photon Hamiltonian. The matter-photon interaction is there­ by expressed rigorously in a renormalized A·p form. Using this form for the Dicke model of two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode radiation field, we examine a possibility of the occurrence of stationary coherent states which could arise for a photon and atomic polarization as the ground state of the system, deducing a condition for such coherent states. The condition, expressed as an inequality which imposes a stable nontrivial Bloch angle of the uniform atomic polarization, is identical with that for the occurrence of a second order phase transition, and indicates that the non-existence of a second order phase transition pointed out by Rza2ewski et al. io; in fact a consequence of the present treatment of the A'­ term renormalization. However, a fulfillment of the condition is recovered, if exchange­ type atom-atom interaction is taken into account in the matter system. We also present a method to construct an effective Hamiltonian of atom-atom interaction which is equivalent to the above Dicke model in the thermodynamic limit.

Progress of Theoretical Physics•May 1, 1977•5 citations

Coherence of the Radiation from the Superradiant State

Zofia Białynicka-Birula

Coherence properties of the single-mode electromagnetic radiation emitted by a system of identical two-level atoms which is initially in the superradiant state are determined approximately. The approximation is valid only for short times when the state of the atomic system does not differ appreciably from the superradiant state. The electromagnetic field radiated spontaneously possesses full coherence in the sense of Glauber's definition, its density operator having the form of that for the ideal laser radiation. This coherence disappears when, because of external radiation, stimulated and spontaneous emission both take place.

Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields•Jan 15, 1970•11 citations

Coupled Superradiance Master Equations

Richard H. Picard, C. R. Willis

In this paper we attempt to unify the theoretical treatment of a variety of cooperative interaction phenomena occurring in resonantly interacting radiation-matter systems. The system consists of a multimode optical field interacting with $N$ resonant atoms in a region of large spatial extent. The field and atoms may or may not be coupled to reservoirs. We derive a set of coupled master equations for the reduced matter and radiation density operators of the composite system in the first Born approximation, using a method due to Bogoliubov. These equations describe within a single framework phenomena involving superradiant emission and coherent propagation. In the first place, our theory generalizes existing formulations of the superradiance problem by treating the radiation field as part of the dynamical system rather than as a reservoir. Hence, our equations describe stimulated interaction effects, which are entirely absent in the usual superradiance master equations. Moreover, our equations contain terms describing the self-consistent interaction of an average field with a set of polarizable atoms, as in the coupled Bloch and Maxwell equations of the theory of coherent pulse propagation, and enable us to describe fluctuations, arising from incoherent emission, about the average behavior described by the Bloch-Maxwell theory. We solve formally the dynamical equation for the radiation density operator and obtain a displaced multivariate Gaussian distribution centered on the solution of the Maxwell wave equation, which has as parameters the first and second moments of the matter density operator. Then we derive and discuss the field and atomic-moment equations, both in the wave-number and position representations. The moment equations enable us to show the relationship between descriptions of superradiant damping based on the Bloch equations and those based on the existence of correlated atomic states, including both as special cases. We introduce reduced matter moments, which allow us to separate incoherent- and coherent-emission effects and enable us to discuss the question of the closure of the moment equations. Then we consider cases where the behavior of the atomic system is dominated by a strong coherent pump wave or where the atoms are in a symmetric correlated state and show how the slowly-varying-envelope approximation simplifies the radiation-moment equations in these two cases. In the former case, we obtain an approximate theory which consists, in lowest order, of the Bloch-Maxwell equations with radiative-damping terms, plus an equation describing the time development of the correlation function for field fluctuations. Returning to our general formalism, we relate the usual parameters of the theory of radiative decay and of resonant interactions to the more general quantities appearing in our spatial analysis. Finally, we discuss the importance of the stimulated-emission terms appearing in our theory and describe several extensions, including the introduction of inhomogeneous broadening.

Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1973•20 citations

Identical particle model on biophoton emission

T. C. Liu, Songhao Liu, F. A. Popp +1 more

Biophoton emission (PE) method is a non-invasive way revealing biophysical interactions in living tissues. Since its mechanism is not very clear, its acceptance is limited. Gu has presented the quantum theory on biophoton emission according to the Dicke model. However, the Dicke model does not apply to biological system. In this paper, we studied PE by using the identical particle model, the interaction of identical particles by quantum chemistry, as well as the transition of the system interacting with radiation by the time quantum theory on radiation-matter interaction put forward by the first author and his cooperators. It was shown that the identical particles form coherent states, the photon emission probability of the superradiant state is a liner function of N and N2, and the one of the subradiant state is zero. In other words, the photon emission intensity represents the coherent states of the identical particle system. The linear relationship of N and N2 agrees with the PE experiment results on early drosophila embryos. The research on the cell division cycle showed that the superradiant states correspond to the late S phase. This is why PE can be used to differentiate human tumor tissues from normal ones. We also studied induced PE.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 23, 1996•0 citations
The retina and cortex are correlated by the identical particle model.The vision system is modeled as identical particle system,and its radiation transition is studied by using time quantum theory of radiation-matter interaction.The identical particles form coherent states,the transition probability of the superradiant state is a liner function of N2 and N3(N is the particle number),and the one of the subradiant state is zero,which is supported by its successful primary explanation of the coherence of vision cells and pigments,respectively,and the co-action of retina and cortex in the vision adaptation of darkness and brightness.Identical particle model might hold for vision adaptation,and its further integration with Retinex theory will give a clue for the further research of vision adaptation.
The two striking components of retina, i.e., the light sensitive neural layer in the eye, by which it responds to light are (the three types of) color sensitive Cones and color insensitive Rods (which outnumber the cones 20:1). The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and these photoreceptors (causing transitions between cis- and trans- states of rhodopsin molecules in the latter) offers a prime example of physical processes at the nano-bio interface. After a brief review of the basic facts about vision, we propose a quantum mechanical model (paralleling the Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) of interaction of light with matter) of early vision describing the interaction of light with the two states of rhodopsin mentioned above. Here we model the early essential steps in vision incorporating, separately, the two well-known features of retinal transduction (converting light to neural signals): small numbers of cones respond to bright light (large number of photons) and large numbers of rods respond to faint light (small number of photons) with an amplification scheme. An outline of the method of solution of these respective models based on quantum density matrix is also indicated. This includes a brief overview of the theory, based on JCM, of signal amplification required for the perception of faint light. We envision this methodology, which brings a novel quantum approach to modeling neural activity, to be a useful paradigm in developing a better understanding of key visual processes than is possible with currently available models that completely ignore quantum effects at the relevant neural level.
Abstract Mathematical modeling of the excitation dynamics of an isolated two-level particle under bichromatic irradiation is carried out on basis of solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the probability amplitudes of the states of the composite system of the particle and an interaction two-mode quantized radiation field, with the photons for each of which in a superposition state at the initial time. An analytical expression describing the change in the time of the population of the excited state of a particle in the adsorption of one of the irradiation photons in the simplest case when the irradiation is a sequence of identical pulses of a sinusoidal form is obtained. The obtained time dependence is compared with the time dependence of the diagonal matrix element of the statistical operator of the particle in the excited state found on the basis of the numerical solution of the system of the optical Bloch equations, with the corresponding irradiation described by the classical theory. Examples of significant differences in the type of these compared time dependences for a number of characteristic cases of irradiation are given.
A non-relativistic quantum theory of matter-photon interaction is formulated, within the framework of the dipole approximation, by employing a canonical transformation to diago­ nalize the A' term plus the free photon Hamiltonian. The matter-photon interaction is there­ by expressed rigorously in a renormalized A·p form. Using this form for the Dicke model of two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode radiation field, we examine a possibility of the occurrence of stationary coherent states which could arise for a photon and atomic polarization as the ground state of the system, deducing a condition for such coherent states. The condition, expressed as an inequality which imposes a stable nontrivial Bloch angle of the uniform atomic polarization, is identical with that for the occurrence of a second order phase transition, and indicates that the non-existence of a second order phase transition pointed out by Rza2ewski et al. io; in fact a consequence of the present treatment of the A'­ term renormalization. However, a fulfillment of the condition is recovered, if exchange­ type atom-atom interaction is taken into account in the matter system. We also present a method to construct an effective Hamiltonian of atom-atom interaction which is equivalent to the above Dicke model in the thermodynamic limit.
Coherence properties of the single-mode electromagnetic radiation emitted by a system of identical two-level atoms which is initially in the superradiant state are determined approximately. The approximation is valid only for short times when the state of the atomic system does not differ appreciably from the superradiant state. The electromagnetic field radiated spontaneously possesses full coherence in the sense of Glauber's definition, its density operator having the form of that for the ideal laser radiation. This coherence disappears when, because of external radiation, stimulated and spontaneous emission both take place.
In this paper we attempt to unify the theoretical treatment of a variety of cooperative interaction phenomena occurring in resonantly interacting radiation-matter systems. The system consists of a multimode optical field interacting with NNN resonant atoms in a region of large spatial extent. The field and atoms may or may not be coupled to reservoirs. We derive a set of coupled master equations for the reduced matter and radiation density operators of the composite system in the first Born approximation, using a method due to Bogoliubov. These equations describe within a single framework phenomena involving superradiant emission and coherent propagation. In the first place, our theory generalizes existing formulations of the superradiance problem by treating the radiation field as part of the dynamical system rather than as a reservoir. Hence, our equations describe stimulated interaction effects, which are entirely absent in the usual superradiance master equations. Moreover, our equations contain terms describing the self-consistent interaction of an average field with a set of polarizable atoms, as in the coupled Bloch and Maxwell equations of the theory of coherent pulse propagation, and enable us to describe fluctuations, arising from incoherent emission, about the average behavior described by the Bloch-Maxwell theory. We solve formally the dynamical equation for the radiation density operator and obtain a displaced multivariate Gaussian distribution centered on the solution of the Maxwell wave equation, which has as parameters the first and second moments of the matter density operator. Then we derive and discuss the field and atomic-moment equations, both in the wave-number and position representations. The moment equations enable us to show the relationship between descriptions of superradiant damping based on the Bloch equations and those based on the existence of correlated atomic states, including both as special cases. We introduce reduced matter moments, which allow us to separate incoherent- and coherent-emission effects and enable us to discuss the question of the closure of the moment equations. Then we consider cases where the behavior of the atomic system is dominated by a strong coherent pump wave or where the atoms are in a symmetric correlated state and show how the slowly-varying-envelope approximation simplifies the radiation-moment equations in these two cases. In the former case, we obtain an approximate theory which consists, in lowest order, of the Bloch-Maxwell equations with radiative-damping terms, plus an equation describing the time development of the correlation function for field fluctuations. Returning to our general formalism, we relate the usual parameters of the theory of radiative decay and of resonant interactions to the more general quantities appearing in our spatial analysis. Finally, we discuss the importance of the stimulated-emission terms appearing in our theory and describe several extensions, including the introduction of inhomogeneous broadening.
Biophoton emission (PE) method is a non-invasive way revealing biophysical interactions in living tissues. Since its mechanism is not very clear, its acceptance is limited. Gu has presented the quantum theory on biophoton emission according to the Dicke model. However, the Dicke model does not apply to biological system. In this paper, we studied PE by using the identical particle model, the interaction of identical particles by quantum chemistry, as well as the transition of the system interacting with radiation by the time quantum theory on radiation-matter interaction put forward by the first author and his cooperators. It was shown that the identical particles form coherent states, the photon emission probability of the superradiant state is a liner function of N and N2, and the one of the subradiant state is zero. In other words, the photon emission intensity represents the coherent states of the identical particle system. The linear relationship of N and N2 agrees with the PE experiment results on early drosophila embryos. The research on the cell division cycle showed that the superradiant states correspond to the late S phase. This is why PE can be used to differentiate human tumor tissues from normal ones. We also studied induced PE.