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Physical Review A

Fano line-shape control and superluminal light using cavity quantum electrodynamics with a partially transmitting element

Jiahua Li, Rong Yu, Jiuyang Liu, Chunling Ding, Ying Wu

Published May 9, 2016• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the probe-field transmission in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) systems with a partially transmitting element (PTE), where the PTE is used to control and tune the amplitude of the weak probe field propagating along a single waveguide channel in the structure. We derive analytic formulas utilized to determine the transmission coefficient of the probe field within the framework of quantum optics. Using experimentally accessible parameters, it is clearly shown that the asymmetric Fano-resonance line shape can be formed and manipulated by means of the added PTE. Furthermore, we reveal that there exists superluminal light with large intensity transmission in the transport spectrum of the waveguide-coupled cavity-QED system. This superluminal-light propagation effect, which exhibits the anomalous phase shift and is characterized by the negative group delay, can be enhanced by properly choosing the system parameters. The obtained results may be used for designing switching, modulation, and sensing for nanophotonic applications and ultrafast on-chip signal processing in telecom applications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.053814

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We study the probe-field transmission in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) systems with a partially transmitting element (PTE), where the PTE is used to control and tune the amplitude of the weak probe field propagating along a single waveguide channel in the structure. We derive analytic formulas utilized to determine the transmission coefficient of the probe field within the framework of quantum optics. Using experimentally accessible parameters, it is clearly shown that the asymmetric Fano-resonance line shape can be formed and manipulated by means of the added PTE. Furthermore, we reveal that there exists superluminal light with large intensity transmission in the transport spectrum of the waveguide-coupled cavity-QED system. This superluminal-light propagation effect, which exhibits the anomalous phase shift and is characterized by the negative group delay, can be enhanced by properly choosing the system parameters. The obtained results may be used for designing switching, modulation, and sensing for nanophotonic applications and ultrafast on-chip signal processing in telecom applications.
Control of light by light is a current research topic and is important for a variety of fundamental studies and practical applications. Here, we put forward a chip-scale scheme for all-optical control of small-signal photon transport and Fano-like lineshape in a coupled quantum-dot-pillar microcavity system based on a control-probe technique. Specifically, a bichromatic input light field, which consists of a weak probe field and a tunable control field, is applied to simultaneously drive the pillar cavity mode (called the control-probe technique) and both its reflectivity from and transmittivity through the pillar cavity constitute two output channels (i.e., a reflectivity signal channel and a transmittivity signal channel). We derive full analytical expressions for the reflectivity and transmittivity coefficients via a perturbation method. Using experimentally realistic parameters, theoretical analysis shows that the output probe light of the reflectivity and transmittivity channels can be switched on or off by simply turning on or off the control light field. Hence, the present system can be utilized to realize all-optical switching of the probe light by the control light with high switching contrast ∼1 by means of these two output channels. Interestingly, the reflectivity channel and the transmittivity channel are complementary and offer versatile applications in a two-channel switching. In addition, it is shown that the strong asymmetric Fano lineshape can be generated by properly tuning the frequency of the control light field in this control-probe scheme. The present investigation may be used for developing novel all-optical switching and tunable Fano devices on-chip.
We study the Fano resonance and slow light in a hybrid optomechanical system, where a mechanical resonator is coupled to a cavity via radiation pressure and to a two-level system (qubit) via the Jaynes-Cummings coupling. The absorption spectra of the weak probe field can exhibit a series of asymmetric Fano line shapes when the frequency of the strong control field varies. The positions of the double Fano resonances can be determined by the cavity--control-field detuning, the qubit-resonator coupling strength, and the transition frequency of the qubit. Furthermore, the transparency windows in the probe transmission spectrum are accompanied by the rapid normal phase dispersion, which indicates the slow light effect. We find that the group delay of the transmitted probe field can be tuned by the frequency and amplitude of the control field and is inversely proportional to the decay rate of the qubit.
We present a theoretical study of Fano interference effects in few-photon transport. Under appropriate conditions, a local defect in an optical waveguide induces a highly asymmetric transmission line shape, characteristic of Fano interference. For a two-level emitter placed adjacent to such a defect, here modeled as a partially transmitting element, we find an analytical expression for the full-time evolution of single-photon wave packets and the emitter excitation probability. We show how the partially transmitting element affects the emitter lifetime and shifts the spectral position of the effective system resonances. Using input-output formalism, we determine the single- and two-photon SSS matrices for both a two-level emitter and a cavity-emitter system coupled to a waveguide with a partially transmitting element. We show how the Fano interference effect can be exploited for the implementation of a Hong-Ou-Mandel switch in analogy with a tunable linear or nonlinear beam splitter.
We investigate the light propagation and dynamical control of a weak pulsed probe field in asymmetric double quantum wells via Fano interference, which is caused by tunneling from the excited subbands to the same continuum. Our results show that the system can produce anomalous and normal dispersion regions with negligible absorption by choosing appropriate coupling strength of the tunneling and the Fano interference. Interesting enough, the dispersion can be switched between normal and anomalous by adjusting the relative phase between the pulsed probe and coherent control fields owing to the existence of the perfectly Fano interference. Thus, the relative phase can be regarded as a switch to manipulate light propagation with subluminal or superluminal. The temporal and spatial dynamics of the pulsed probe field with hyperbolic secant envelope are analyzed.
We propose an optical approach to realizing Fano-type spectra of quadrature squeezing in a double-cavity-waveguide structure based on photonic crystals (PhCs). In this scheme, a partially transmitting element (PTE) in the waveguide creates the transmission and reflection light, which interferes with the outflow from the intracavity field and subsequently gives rise to Fano-type interference. Meanwhile, a degenerate parametric amplifier (DPA) embedded into the cavity is expected to yield quantum squeezed states in the interference process. After verifying the existence of the Fano resonance, we report that increasing the nonlinear gain of the DPA not only amplifies the transmitted intensity of the output field, but also improves its quadrature squeezing degree. More importantly, we illustrate that, when maintaining the high performance of quadrature squeezing, the linewidths and frequencies of the asymmetrical spectra can be modulated by adjusting the double-cavity coupling strength. This combination of Fano-type spectra and quadrature squeezing is beneficial for optimizing optical communications and signal processing with a low noise level.
Abstract We theoretically demonstrate the Fano resonance and the conversion from fast to slow light in a hybrid semiconductor quantum dot (SQDs)-metal nanoparticle (MNPs) with cavity quantum electrodynamics treatment. The absorption spectra of the weak probe field exhibit a series of asymmetric Fano line shapes and their related optical propagation properties, such as fast and slow light effects, are investigated based on the hybrid system for suitable parametric regimes. Further, the transparency windows (i.e. the absorption dip approaches zero) in the probe absorption spectra are accompanied by the rapid steep dispersion of the Fano resonance profile, which promises the slow or fast light effect, and even tunable fast-to-slow light propagation (or vice versa) can be achieved by controlling different parameter regimes. Therefore the investigation may indicate promising applications in quantum information processing based on the hybrid SQD-MNP system.