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理论物理通讯：英文版

Ground States of Ultracold Spin-1 Atoms in a Deep Double-Well Optical Superlattice in a Weak Magnetic Field

郑公平, 秦帅锋, 王守阳, 简闻天

Published Apr 15, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

地面在一口深一个维的双井套住的 ultracold spin-1 原子声明在一个弱磁场的光超点阵被获得。减少的双井模型的地面状态图为 antiferromagnetic 和铁磁性的冷凝物是显著地不同的，这被显示出。在汗衫状态和 nematic 状态之间的转变为 antiferromagnetic 相互作用原子被观察，它能被 modulating 认识到通道参数或二次的 Zeeman 精力。区分不同旋转状态的一个实验被建议。

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations
地面在一口深一个维的双井套住的 ultracold spin-1 原子声明在一个弱磁场的光超点阵被获得。减少的双井模型的地面状态图为 antiferromagnetic 和铁磁性的冷凝物是显著地不同的，这被显示出。在汗衫状态和 nematic 状态之间的转变为 antiferromagnetic 相互作用原子被观察，它能被 modulating 认识到通道参数或二次的 Zeeman 精力。区分不同旋转状态的一个实验被建议。
The ground states of the ultracold spin-1 atoms trapped in a deep one-dimensional double-well optical superlattice in a weak magnetic field are obtained. It is shown that the ground-state diagrams of the reduced double-well model are remarkably different for the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic condensates. The transition between the singlet state and nematic state is observed for the antiferromagnetic interaction atoms, which can be realized by modulating the tunneling parameter or the quadratic Zeeman energy. An experiment to distinguish the different spin states is suggested.
Ultracold atoms trapped in an optical lattice of double-well potential, the so-called optical superlattice, have received much attention in the field of cold atoms. A protocol generalized to three-well optical superlattice is suggested in this paper. The ground-state diagrams of ultracold spin-1 atoms trapped in a symmetric three-well optical superlattice in a weak magnetic field are studied based on the exact diagonalization. It is shown that the ground-state diagrams are remarkably different for the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic atoms. There does not exist the type of ground state for the antiferromagnetic interaction atoms, where the magnetic quantum number of the total spin of the system along the external magnetic field are ±2. But for the ferromagnetic interaction atoms, there do exist. In addition, there exist only the fully polarized ground-states for the ferromagnetic atoms in the negative quadratic-Zeeman-energy region. The physicsal origin of the dependence of the ground states on the controllable parameters are analyzed. These quantum spin-states can be controlled easily and exactly by modulating the external magnetic field and the height of the optical barrier, which may be a tool for the study of spin-entanglement.
In this thesis we study various aspects of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in optical superlattices using a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that takes spin effects into account. We decouple the unit cells of the superlattice via a mean-field approach and take into account the dynamics within the unit cell exactly. In this way we derive the ground-state phase diagram of spinor bosons in superlattices. The system supports Mott-insulating as well as superfluid phases. The transitions between these phases are second-order for spinless bosons and second- or first-order for spin-1 bosons. Antiferromagnetic interactions energetically penalize high-spin configurations and elongate all Mott lobes, especially the ones corresponding to an even atom number on each lattice site. We find that the quadratic Zeeman effect lifts the degeneracy between different polar superfluid phases leading to additional metastable phases and first-order phase transitions. A change of magnetic fields can drive quantum phase transitions in the same way as a change in the tunneling amplitude does. Furthermore we study the physics of spin-1 atoms in superlattices deep in the Mott insulating phase when the superlattice decomposes into isolated double-well potentials. Assuming that a small number of spin-1 bosons is loaded in an optical double-well potential, we study single-particle tunneling that occurs when one lattice site is ramped up relative to a neighboring site. Spin-dependent effects modify the tunneling events in a qualitative and quantitative way. Depending on the asymmetry of the double well different types of magnetic order occur, making the system of spin-1 bosons in an optical superlattice a model for mesoscopic magnetism with an unprecedented control of the parameters. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are applied and the effects of the linear and the quadratic Zeeman shifts are examined. We generalize the concept of bosonic staircases to connected double-well potentials. We show that an energy offset between the two sites of the unit cell in an extended superlattice induces a staircase of single-atom resonances in \nthe same way as in isolated double well. We also examine single-atom resonances in the superfluid regime and find clear fingerprints of them in the superfluid density. We also investigate the bipartite entanglement between the sites and construct states of maximal entanglement. The entanglement in our system is due to both orbital and spin degrees of freedom. We calculate the contribution of orbital and \nspin entanglement and show that the sum of these two terms gives a lower bound for the total entanglement.
Abstract Motivated by recent experimental processes, we systemically investigate strongly correlated spin-1 ultracold bosons trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice in the presence of an external magnetic field. Based on a recently developed bosonic dynamical mean-field theory (BDMFT), we map out complete phase diagrams of the system for both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions, where various phases are found as a result of the interplay of spin-dependent interaction and quadratic Zeeman energy. For antiferromagnetic interactions, the system demonstrates competing magnetic orders, including nematic, spin-singlet and ferromagnetic insulating phase, depending on longitudinal magnetization, whereas, for ferromagnetic case, a ferromagnetic-to-nematic-insulating phase transition is observed for small quadratic Zeeman energy, and the insulating phase demonstrates the nematic order for large Zeeman energy. Interestingly, at low magnetic field and finite temperature, we find an abnormal multi-step condensation of the strongly correlated superfluid, i.e. the critical condensing temperature of the m F = −1 component with antiferromagnetic interactions demonstrates an increase with longitudinal magnetization, while, for ferromagnetic case, the Zeeman component m F = 0 demonstrates a local minimum for the critical condensing temperature, in contrast to weakly interacting cases.
自旋霍尔效应由自旋轨道耦合诱导并展现出自旋流，是凝聚态物理和自旋电子学的重要基石。本文基于准一维光学晶格超冷原子体系，提出了自旋霍尔效应的量子模拟理论方案。在准一维晶格中引入Rashba自旋轨道耦合和线性梯度势，利用含时密度矩阵重整化群方法，计算体系的非平衡动力学演化特别是自旋输运行为。计算结果表明，线性势驱动原子沿晶格方向发生定向输运，而自旋轨道耦合进一步诱导通道间自旋重新分布，出现横向自旋流和横向极化，展现出自旋霍尔效应的典型特征。文章还研究了自旋轨道耦合强度、线性势强度、晶格尺寸以及相互作用强度对自旋霍尔效应的影响。该工作为推动霍尔效应的量子模拟提供了一条可行的超冷原子实现路径，为利用冷原子系统模拟原子输运行为提供了新的理论范式，进一步深化了对人工量子体系中非平衡自旋动力学的理解。