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Physical Review B

Bichromatic resonant light scattering from a quantum dot

M. Peiris, Kumarasiri Konthasinghe, Ying Yu, Zixu Niu, Andreas Müller

Published Apr 7, 2014• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on resonant light scattering experiments in which a single InAs quantum dot is exposed to two independently tunable continuous-wave lasers while the scattered light is analyzed background free, with high spectral and temporal resolution. In contrast to the well-known monochromatic case exhibiting Rabi oscillations, in this bichromatic case the additional field introduces oscillations at half the difference of the laser frequencies and harmonics thereof, persisting beyond the natural lifetime. The familiar ``dressed-states'' ladder now contains an infinite number of levels per manifold. With suitable averaging, the rich resulting spectra and second-order correlations can be reproduced accurately using the Bloch equations and the quantum regression theorem.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.89.155305

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We report on resonant light scattering experiments in which a single InAs quantum dot is exposed to two independently tunable continuous-wave lasers while the scattered light is analyzed background free, with high spectral and temporal resolution. In contrast to the well-known monochromatic case exhibiting Rabi oscillations, in this bichromatic case the additional field introduces oscillations at half the difference of the laser frequencies and harmonics thereof, persisting beyond the natural lifetime. The familiar ``dressed-states'' ladder now contains an infinite number of levels per manifold. With suitable averaging, the rich resulting spectra and second-order correlations can be reproduced accurately using the Bloch equations and the quantum regression theorem.
We report on resonant light scattering experiments in which a single InAs quantum dot is exposed to two independently tunable continuous-wave lasers while the scattered light is analyzed background free, with high spectral and temporal resolution. In contrast to the well-known monochromatic case exhibiting Rabi oscillations, in this bichromatic case the additional field introduces oscillations at half the difference of the laser frequencies and harmonics thereof, persisting beyond the natural lifetime. The familiar ``dressed-states'' ladder now contains an infinite number of levels per manifold. With suitable averaging, the rich resulting spectra and second-order correlations can be reproduced accurately using the Bloch equations and the quantum regression theorem.
We investigate the spectral and temporal properties of light scattered near resonantly by a single quantum dot when the incident laser field is a frequency comb consisting of a superposition of monochromatic waves equidistant in frequency. Such fields encompass those generated by, e.g., a periodically pulsed laser. A general theoretical treatment for the calculation of first- and second-order correlation functions is given which takes account of spectral diffusion through a slowly varying detuning from resonance, permitting accurate comparison with experiments. We explore the two distinct regimes in which the frequency-comb separation is either larger or smaller than the radiative decay rate. We verify the validity of our calculations by a comparison with experimental data for the case of a bichromatic field and discuss the manifestation of phase coherence between the incoming field and the scattered single-photon wave packet.
We analyze the light scattered by a single InAs quantum dot interacting with a resonant continuous-wave laser. High-resolution spectra reveal clear distinctions between coherent and incoherent scattering, with the laser intensity spanning more than four orders of magnitude. We find that the fraction of coherently scattered photons can approach unity under sufficiently weak or detuned excitation, ruling out pure dephasing as a relevant decoherence mechanism. We show how spectral diffusion shapes spectra, correlation functions, and phase coherence, concealing the ideal radiatively broadened two-level system described by Mollow.
Self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots have attracted considerable interest recently, ranging from fundamental studies of quantum optics to advanced applications in the field of quantum information science. With their atom-like properties, quantum dot based nanophotonic devices may also substantially contribute to the development of quantum computers. This work presents experimental progress towards the understanding of light-matter interactions that occur beyond well-understood monochromatic resonant light scattering processes in semiconductor quantum dots. First, we report measurements of resonance fluorescence under bichromatic laser excitation. With the inclusion of a second laser, both first-order and second-order correlation functions are substantially altered. Under these conditions, the scattered light exhibits a rich spectrum containing many spectral features that lead to a range of nonlinear multiphoton dynamics. These observations are discussed and compared with a theoretical model. Second, we investigated the light scattered by a quantum dot in the presence of spectral filtering. By scanning the tunable filters placed in front of each detector of a Hanbury-Brown and Twiss setup and recording coincidence measurements, a \\two-photon spectrum" has been experimentally reconstructed for the first time. The two-photon spectrum contains a wealth of information about the cascaded emission involved in the scattering process, such as transitions occurring via virtual intermediate states. Our measurements also reveal that the scattered frequency-filtered light from a quantum dot violates the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Finally, Franson-interferometry has been performed using spectrally filtered light from quantum dot resonance fluorescence. Visibilities exceeding the classical limit were demonstrated by using a pair of folded Mach-Zehnder interferometers, paving the way for producing single time-energy entangled photon pairs that could violate Bell's inequalities.
Two-color second-order correlations of the light scattered near-resonantly by a quantum dot were measured by means of spectrally filtered coincidence detection. The effects of filter frequency and bandwidth were studied under monochromatic laser excitation, and a complete two-photon spectrum was reconstructed. The two-photon spectrum exhibits a rich structure associated with both real and virtual two-photon transitions down the ``dressed states'' ladder. Photon pairs generated via virtual transitions are found to violate the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by a factor of 60. Our experiments are well described by the theoretical expressions obtained by del Valle et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 183601 (2012)] via time- and normally-ordered correlation functions.
We investigated the first and second-order correlations of the light scattered near-resonantly by a quantum dot under excitation by a frequency comb, i.e., a periodically pulsed laser source. In contrast to its monochromatic counterpart, the pulsed resonance fluorescence spectrum features a superposition of sidebands distributed around a central peak with maximal sideband intensity near the Rabi frequency. Distinguishing between the coherently and incoherently scattered light reveals pulse-area dependent Rabi oscillations evolving with different phase for each component. Our observations, which can be reproduced theoretically, may impact schemes for remote entanglement based on pulsed two-photon interference.