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Acta Physica Sinica

Quantum communication protocol for data link layer based on entanglement

Nanrun Zhou, Zeng Gui-Hua, Li-Hua Gong, Liu San-qiu, (1)南昌大学电子信息工程系,南昌 330031; (2)南昌大学物理系,南昌 330031; (3)上海交通大学电子工程系,上海 200240

Published Jan 1, 2007• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By exploiting the entanglement correlation in quantum mechanics, a quantum communication, protocol for data link layer is proposed. The protocol divides the link into busy time and leisure time, where the data is sent via classical channel and the distribution of quantum entanglement is supposed to be completed at leisure time and the acknowledge frame is sent via quantum entanglement channel. The transmission of quantum information can be instantaneous; therefore the minimum time span between two successfully delivered data frames can be significantly reduced. It is shown that the proposed protocol enhances the maximum throughput effectively and improves the performance of the stop-and-wait protocol of data link layer.

DOI
10.7498/aps.56.5066

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By exploiting the entanglement correlation in quantum mechanics, a quantum communication, protocol for data link layer is proposed. The protocol divides the link into busy time and leisure time, where the data is sent via classical channel and the distribution of quantum entanglement is supposed to be completed at leisure time and the acknowledge frame is sent via quantum entanglement channel. The transmission of quantum information can be instantaneous; therefore the minimum time span between two successfully delivered data frames can be significantly reduced. It is shown that the proposed protocol enhances the maximum throughput effectively and improves the performance of the stop-and-wait protocol of data link layer.
Based on the delocalized entanglement correlation and transience of transferring quantum information of quantum teleportation, an improved quantum stop-wait communication protocol for data link layer is presented.In the previous quantum stop-wait protocols, they only send the quantum acknowledgement frame (QACK) without sending quantum negative acknowledgement frame (QNACK).In this paper, we present an improved quantum stop-wait communication protocol that sends the negative frame QNACK as soon as possible when Bob detects the error of received data frame, instead of waiting for the retransmission time tout.As a result, the minimum time span between two successfully delivered data frames can be significantly reduced, and the communication time is shortened.It is shown that our protocol enhances the maximum throughput effectively and improves the communication efficiency in the data link layer.
The communication protocol of data link layer is studied based on quantum teleportation.When two sites communicate in data link layer,quantum frame is sent via quantum channel.When receiving quantum frame within the set time,the receiver returns to confirm frame via the quantum channel.According to the transient of quantum teleportation,the transmission delay of two sites communication is reduced;as a result,the minimum time span between two successfully delivered quantum frames can be reduced,the communication time is shortened and communication efficiency is improved.And since the sender on the transmission of quantum information is unknown,the confidentiality of information transmission is also increased.
When a data frame is lost or corrupted during transmission,the solution adopted by the stop-,and-wait protocol of the data-link layer is overtime retransmission.An improved algorithm was proposed by utilizing the correlation in quantum entanglement and instantaneous transmission of quantum teleportation.When something wrong happened during the data transmission,the algorithm sends negative frame and the acknowledgement frame instantaneously,which reduces the minimum time interval between two successful data frame transmission.Compared with the classical stop-and-wait algorithm,quantitative analysis illustrates that our algorithm improves the data frame transmission efficiency.
After analyzing the classical sliding window protocol,the authors established the quantum channel based on instantaneous transmission of quantum information,and proposed a quantum communication protocol of the sliding window based on quantum entanglement.The proposed protocol distributes the EPR pairs to establish a quantum channel,transmission by sending data frames and quantum acknowledge frame.It shows that the protocol not only plays an important role in the sliding window protocol in quantum information transfer process to reduce the delay,but also has a more important value in telecommunications and in severe cases of network congestion.
From the classical selective repeat ARQ (Automatic Repeat-reQuest) protocol, a selective repeat ARQ quantum synchronous communication protocol in data link layer is presented by utilizing the intrinsic characteristics of quantum mechanics. The proposed protocol divides the link into the preparation and the send stages, where the message is sent via classical channel and the preparation and distribution of EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) pairs are supposed to be accomplished at the preparation stage. The performances of several protocols in data link layer are compared and analyzed from the aspects of throughput and utilization ratio of the channel. It is shown that the proposed protocol enhances the maximum throughput and the utilization ratio of the channel effectively and improves the performance of the selective repeat ARQ protocol for date link layers. The proposed protocol is of great significance in military communications.
In this paper we study the quantum selective repeat protocol of data link layer based on quantum teleportation. When two sites are communicating in the physical layer, the sender divides a series of qubits intom frames by adding auxiliary qubits. After continuously transmitting m quantum frames, the receiver judges whether he receives the correct quantum frame according to the classical information provided by the sender. If the receiver receives the correct quantum frames, he returns confirmed frames using the quantum channel. If the correct quantum frames are not received, the receiver does not return denial frames. The sender judges quantum frames which he must resend according to the received confirm frames in setting time. Because the sender resends only the quantum frames which are lost or mistaken, this protocol reduces the transmission delay and improves communication efficiency. In the entire course of communications, the classical channel is used only to transmit the survey information, thus its burden is reduced.