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Laser Spectroscopy

SR OPTICAL CLOCK WITH HIGH STABILITY AND ACCURACY

Andrew D. Ludlow, Sebastian Blatt, M. BOYD, Gretchen K. Campbell, Seth M. Foreman, M. MARTIN, Marcio H. G. de Miranda, Tanya Zelevinsky, J. YE, Tara M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, Scott A. Diddams, Chris W. Oates, Zeb W. Barber, N. Poli

Published Apr 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on our recent evaluations of stability and accuracy of the JILA Sr optical lattice clock. We discuss precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser with sub-Hz linewidth, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over optical fiber in an urban environment. High resolution spectroscopy (Q > 2 × 10^14) of lattice-confined, spin-polarized strontium atoms is used for both a high-performance optical clock and atomic structure measurement. Using a Ca optical standard for comparison, the overall systematic uncertainty of the Sr clock is reduced to < 2 × 10^−16

DOI
10.1142/9789812813206_0026

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We report on our recent evaluations of stability and accuracy of the JILA Sr optical lattice clock. We discuss precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser with sub-Hz linewidth, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over optical fiber in an urban environment. High resolution spectroscopy (Q > 2 × 10^14) of lattice-confined, spin-polarized strontium atoms is used for both a high-performance optical clock and atomic structure measurement. Using a Ca optical standard for comparison, the overall systematic uncertainty of the Sr clock is reduced to < 2 × 10^−16
Results from the JILA optical lattice clock are presented. We report on our development of precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser with sub-Hz linewidth, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over optical fiber in an urban environment. High resolution spectroscopy (Q > 2 times 1014) of lattice confined strontium atoms is used for both a high-performance optical clock and atomic structure measurements. The current accuracy and stability of the lattice clock are also discussed.
Recent results from the JILA 87Sr optical lattice clock are presented. Using the tight confinement of an optical lattice in combination wit a sub-Hz linewidth diode laser we have achieved a pulse-length limited linewidth of 1.8 Hz for the 1S0- 3P0 clock transition. This corresponds to a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.4 x 1014, and is a record for coherent spectroscopy. With the addition of a small magnetic bias field, the high line Q of the clock transition has also allowed us to resolve the nuclear-spin sublevels, and make a precision measurement of the differential Landé g-factor between the 1S0 and 3P0. We present the current accuracy and stability of the lattice clock, and in addition, we report on our development of precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over an optical fiber in an urban environment.
We describe recent experimental progress with the JILA Sr optical frequency standard, which has a systematic uncertainty at the 10-(16) fractional frequency level. An upgraded laser system has recently been constructed in our lab which may allow the JILA Sr standard to reach the standard quantum measurement limit and achieve record levels of stability. To take full advantage of these improvements, it will be necessary to operate a lattice clock with a large number of atoms, and systematic frequency shifts resulting from atomic interactions will become increasingly important. We discuss how collisional frequency shifts can arise in an optical lattice clock employing fermionic atoms and describe a novel method by which such systematic effects can be suppressed.
— Modern capabilities in quantum state engineering of ultracold matter and precise control of light fields now permit accurate control of interactions between matter and field to suit applications for precision tests of fundamental physics. We report on our recent development of a highly stable and accurate optical atomic clock based on ultracold neutral Sr atoms confined in an optical lattice. We discuss precision tools for the lattice clock, including stabilized lasers with sub-Hz linewidth, femtosecond-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over optical fibers. With microkelvin Sr atoms confined in an optical lattice that provide a zero differential a.c. Stark shift between two clock states, we achieve a resonance quality factor >2×10 on the S0 − P0 doubly forbidden Sr clock transition at 698 nm. High resolution spectroscopy of spin-polarized atoms is used for both high-performance clock operations and accurate atomic structure measurement. The overall systematic uncertainty of the clock has been evaluated at the 10−16 level, while the stability approaches low 10−15 at 1 s. These developments in precise engineering of lightatom interactions can be extended to the field of ultracold molecules, bringing new prospects for precision measurements, quantum control, and determinations of the constancy of the fundamental constants.
We describe recent experimental progress with the JILA Sr optical frequency standard, which has a systematic uncertainty at the 10-16fractional frequency level, currently limited by frequency shifts due to atomic interactions and room temperature blackbody radiation (BBR). We will discuss systematic measurements of collisional shifts and provide a complete theory to understand these interaction effects at the 10-17level. We will also discuss plans to interrogate atoms inside a cryogenic shield region to eliminate BBR shifts. We will present our recent successful efforts in improving the laser stability with the aim for the JILA Sr standard to reach the standard quantum measurement limit and achieve record levels of stability. Finally, a second Sr optical lattice clock has been constructed at JILA, and we will discuss the results of intercomparison experiments between the two standards.
Strontium optical lattice clocks can measure the passage of time with extraordinary precision. Capitalising on this precision, we can anticipate the deployment of lattice clocks to search for new physics beyond the standard model, to build new technologies for geodesy and navigation, and potentially to underpin a future redenition of the SI second. This thesis reports on the construction and evaluation of a robust Sr optical lattice clock at NPL. We describe the apparatus needed to capture, cool, and load samples of neutral strontium atoms into a magic-wavelength, far off-resonant lattice trap at 813 nm. We provide details of our optical local oscillator - the "clock laser" - and how it is used to realise an Sr-referenced optical frequency standard. We rigorously characterise the various contributing factors which limit the performance of the clock, focusing on the standard measures of (1) frequency instability, and (2) systematic frequency uncertainty. Finally, we introduce new innovations for improving the accuracy of the 88Sr lattice clock, including methods of "modified hyper-Ramsey" and multi-photon spectroscopy of the clock transition.